湖南省怀化市麻阳县三校2022-2023学年高三上学期线
上期末联考英语试题
一、阅读理解
1. Ticket Information
Due to extremely high demand, tickets for the three traditional end-of-year concerts of the Vienna Philharmonic are drawn exclusively on the Vienna Philharmonic website. In this way, people worldwide have an equal chance to purchase these highly desired tickets.
Application Period: February 1-28, 2023
During this period, interested persons can apply on this website for tickets to the Preview Performance, the New Year’s Eve Concert, and the New Year’s Concert. The first step toward making an application for tickets is to register for the drawing. The registration is separate from your user account for the Webshop and is specifically for the drawing. Users can enter their ticket preferences for the upcoming concerts during the application period.
Price Categories
The number of tickets for the New Year’s Concert is limited to two, and the number of tickets for the Preview Performance and New Year’s Eve Concert can be up to four. The ticket prices range between 35 ? and 1200 ? for the New Year’s Concert, 25 ? a nd 860 ? for the New Year’s Eve Concert, and between 20 ? and 495 ? for the Preview Performance. If you wish to change your application, you may only do so during the application period. In March, you will know the results of the drawing.
When Should I Apply?
Within the one-month application period, the actual time of application is irrelevant. An application made on February 1 has the same chances as an application made on February 28. The only way to obtain tickets for these concerts is by taking part in the online drawing! Requests submitted through the postal system, by e-mail or by any other means will not be considered!
1. Who could be most interested in this information?
A．A website designer. B．A painting lover.
C．A music fan. D．A tourist guide.
2. What do you have to do to get tickets?
A．Apply one month in advance. B．Participate in the drawing.
C．Send e-mails to the webshop. D．Use the same name as the user account.
3. How much must you pay at least for two tickets for the Preview Performance? A．70?. B．25?. C．50?. D．40?.
2. Every language and culture has curse words (脏话). What gives a curse word its power is partly its meaning and partly its sound. “In English, for example, curse words tend to contain a high percentage of plosive sounds—including P, T and K,” said Ryan McKay, a psychologist at University of London.
Dr. McKay teamed up with his colleague Shiri Lev-Ari to learn whether this familiar pattern went beyond English. They wondered whether it might even represent what’s called sound symbolism. Sound symbolism is when a word sounds like what it means.
The researchers first asked fluent speakers of Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Korean and Russian to list the most vulgar (粗俗的) words they could think of. Once they’d made a list of e ach language’s most
frequently used curse words, the researchers compared these with neutral words from the same language. In these languages, they didn’t find the plosive sounds that seem common in English curse words. “Instead, we found that the vulgar words were defined by what they lacked: the approximant sounds that include letters I, L, R, W and Y, ”Dr. Lev-Ari said.
Next, the scientists invited 215 native speakers of six languages: Arabic, Chinese, Finnish, French, German and Spanish. The participants listened to pairs of words in a language they didn’t speak, and guessed which word in each pair was offensive. In reality, all the words were invented. For example, the researchers started with the Albanian word “zog, ” for “bird, ”and created the pair of fake words “yog" and “tsog. ”Participants were more likely to guess that words without approximants, such as “tsog, ” were curses.
Finally, the researchers combed through the dictionary for English curse words and their cleaned-up versions. Once again, the clean versions included more of the sounds I, L, R, W and Y.
A 20th-century linguistic (语言学的)principle claimed that the sounds of words were arbitrary: Any word could have any meaning. With curse words, though, as in other cases of sound symbolism, “the sounds themselves seem to carry meaning, ”said Lev-Ari. “That’s a new thing, ”said linguist Benjami
n Bergen. “Curse words across languages, unrelated to each other, may pattern similarly. ”He also pointed out, to make sure the pattern of approximants miss ing from curses isn’t an accident, it would be nice to find it in an even larger sample of languages.
1. What is the purpose of McKay and Lev-Ari’s research?
A．To analyze a phenomenon. B．To confirm an assumption.
C．To explain a definition. D．To challenge a theory.
2. What were the participants asked to do in the second part of the research?
A．To decide which curse words are used more frequently.
B．To make up new curse words from real words.
C．To guess a word’s offensiveness according to its sound.
D．To identify the approximants in curse words.
3. According to Lev-Ari, which of the four is likely to sound offensive?
A．Tusck B．Sola C．Darn D．Biach
4. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．The old linguistic principle of sounds and meanings is wrong.
B．In sound symbolism, a word’s sound represents its meaning.
C．The research reveals the similarities between different languages.
D．The result of the research is not fully accepted by scientists.
3. Teenagers around the world are familiar with the great pain of boredom. And every parent is familiar with the sounds of groaning (咕哝的) kids, sulking (生闷气) in their room or pacing aimlessly around the house. But sometimes, it’s this very sense of boredom that can inspire creativity and create fast-growing trends.
This is true for pickleball (匹克球), now a popular sport in the West. According to the Mental Floss website, the sport was invented in the summer of 1965. At that time, Frank Pritchard, 13, had nothing to do in his family’s summer home in Washington, US. After complaining loudly, his father, Joel, sugg
ested he make up a game. When Frank replied “Why don’t you?” his father gladly took up the challenge. Thus, pickleball was born.
Certain parts of tennis, badminton and ping-pong can be seen fr om pickleball. It’s a bat game played on a badminton-sized court with what looks like a wiffle ball (威浮球) over a low net. Only the serving team can score points, and all serves must be made with an underhand stroke (击球).
The popularity of pickleball has grown steadily over the last decade. According to Mental Floss, the number of pickleball courts has grown by an estimated 385 percent worldwide since 2010. One reason for its popularity is that it’s “a sport for everyone”. Anyone can play pickleball because it’s relatively easy to pick up. There are simple rules, and all people need is a couple of bats and a ball, which is affordable and accessible to all. Plus, pickleball is a sport centered around fun and friendship. The game lasts as short as 15 minutes, which means less running and stress for players.
Pritchard said that the game’s rapid rise in popularity was amazing, especially considering that a bad-tempered kid “inspired a sports craze by making a stink (吵闹) about being bored one afternoon 56 years ago”.
1. What do we know about pickleball, according to the passage?
A．It was invented accidentally by a young boy.
B．It is a game suitable for family gatherings.
register forC．It combines elements from several ball games.
D．The game’s judges come from a serving team.
2. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A．Why pickleball has become so well received.
B．What equipment pickleball players need.
C．How significant pickleball is to the world.
D．What rules must be obeyed in pickleball.
3. What did Pritchard think of the popularity of pickleball?
A．Unexpected. B．Reasonable. C．Natural. D．Awkward.
4. Why does the author write the passage?
A．To advise us to join in sports games.
B．To teach us how to play pickleball.
C．To tell us the birth of a sports game.
D．To motivate us to follow new trends.
4. Like a phoenix (凤凰), some stars may burst to life covered in “ash,” rising from the remains of stars that had previously passed on.
Two fireballs covered in carbon and oxygen, ashy byproducts of helium fusion (氦聚变), belong to a new class of stars, researchers report in the March Monthly Notices. Though these burning objects are not the first stars found covered in carbon and oxygen, they are the first discovered to have helium-burning cores.
“That merger (并合) tells yo u the star must have evolved differently,” says study author Nicole Reindl.
The stars may have formed from the merger of two white dwarfs (白矮星), the remaining hearts of stars that exhausted their fuel, Reindl further explains. One of the two was rich in helium, while the other contained lots of carbon and oxygen. These two white dwarfs had already been orbiting one another, but gradually drew together. Eventually the helium-rich white dwarf “ate” its partner, leaving carbon and oxygen all over its surface, just as a messy child might get food all over their face.
Such a merger would have produced a star covered in carbon and oxygen to burn nuclear fusion in its core again, says Tiara Battich, a German astrophysicist.
To test this idea, Battich copied the evolution, death and eventual merger of two stars on his computer and simulated (模拟) the process. He found that putting together a carbon-and-oxygen-rich white dwarf and a more massive helium one could explain the compositions of the two stars observed by Reindl and her colleagues.
“But this should happen very rarely,” Battich says. In most cases the opposite should occur, because carbon-oxygen white dwarfs are usually the more massive ones. For the rarer case to occur, two stars slightly more massive than the sun must have formed at just the right distance and the right time.
"The origins story Battich proposes demands a very specific and unusual set of circumstances, " says Simon Blouin, a Canadian astrophysicist. “But in the end, it makes sense.”
1. What’s the newest discovery of the merger of two stars?
A．It produces a mass of helium ash.
B．It possesses a helium-burning core.
C．It is covered in carbon and oxygen.
D．It makes an oxygen atmosphere for life.
2. How did Battich prove his assumption of the merger?
A．By co-working with Rcindl’s team.
B．By making astronomic observations.
C．By building models on his computer.
D．By testing the two stars’ compositions.
3. The underlined phrase “the opposite” means ________.
A．the carbon-oxygen white dwarf “ate” the helium one
B．the helium white dwarf “ate” the carbon-oxygen one
C．helium white dwarfs are usually the more massive ones
D．carbon-oxygen white dwarfs are usually the more massive ones
4. What’s the main idea of the text?
A．The formation of stars makes sense.
B．The burning of stars brings them to life.
C．Stars inspire scientists to reflect on the universe.
D．Star mergers can unfold in more than one way.
二、七选五