The value of love i n“Pr i de and Prejudi ce”
李镇　(上海通用汽车有限公司　上海)
  W ith a careful textual study of this novel,it can be f ound that its title i m p lies true l ove can overcome the obstacles of p ride and p reju2 dice.Pride,is not l ove,because l ove e mp ties itself of worldly de2 sires,in order t o giv selflessly.Austen’s ficti onal her o and her oines have faithfully reflected the authoress’’s real thoughts and true value of l ove.She dep icted different attitudes t o the l ove questi on of young girl of the fam ily origin of m iddle class of villages.The f our coup les of this novel,varied in their l ove concep ts,p resented us with different dis2 tinct ending.
1　M r.Colli n s and Charlotte
The relati onshi p bet w een M r.Collins and Charl otte is based on econom ics rather than on l ove.After having been refused by Eliza2 beth,M r.Collins quickly marries Charl otte,who is abs olutely one type of women needs t o marry a man she is not in l ove with si m p ly in order t o gain financial security.Collins was foolish and vulgar man who never possess his own concep ti on of l ove,he intends t o get mar2 ried merely because it was the particular advice and recommendati on of Lady Catherine de Bourgh.The combinati on of Collins and Char2 l otte reflect that“Truth universally acknowledged”is”a woman without
p r operty must be in want of a husband with a good fortune.“———the Eighteenth Century concep ti on of the value of l ove,A t that ti m e,marriage was regarded as a market p lace t o exchange upward class mobility and financial support.I n order t o achieve the goal of marriage,fe males are good at transf or m ing the m selves int o commodi2 ties by dis p laying their appearances and accomp lish ments t o appeal t o male gazers.Women were encouraged by the s ocial value of perfor m2 ing manners of fe m ininity t o win husbands.It’sMoney influenced their l ove value orientati on.
2　M r.Darcy and Eli zabeth
Their combinati on reveals their sensibility and right l ove con2 cep t.I n the beginning,Elizabeth hold her initial p rejudice against Darcy because of his excess of p ride.Finally,Darcy and Elizabeth re2 alize their err ors of judge ment and achieve the ability t o vie w the oth2 er thr ough unp rejudiced eyes.A ll of this attributed t o their true l ove. So we can conclude that l ove is the most i m portant fact or of idealmar2 riage in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice.H ighborn standing and haughtiness as a gentle man cannot gain Elizabeth’s l ove.It;s a kind heart sensible t o others’feelings and sufferings,t ogether with p r oper manners,polite,hearty,and compassi onate,capable of l oving and hel p ing Elizabeth’s fa m ily that make Elizabeth theref ore accep ts his second marriage p r oposal.Darcy’s steady character and noble m inds deter m ine that his l ove was not mere overnight’s i m pulse.Elizabeth p r one t o ha
sty judge ments,but she was self———dignified and sensi2 ble,valued true l ove as s omething noble and l ofty,never trade self———estee m with l ove,never trade money with l ove,that result in a really happy ending.
3　M r.W i ckham and L yd i a
It is very clear that Lydia adores George W ickha m and she be2 lieves his feelings for her are the sa me as her own.But on the contra2 ry,W ickha m firstly pursuit poor Elizabeth,then transfer his l ove t o wealthy M s King,finally turn t o Lydia.W ickha m agrees t o marry Lyd2 ia only after he is p r om ised an annual sti pend.Obvi ously,Lydia and W ickha m’s el ope ment is really a scandal They l oved at first sight.It’s obvi ously shows that this coup le’s hasty marriages acting on i m pulse, and based on superficial qualities will not survive and will lead t o in2 evitable unhapp iness.Lydia’s e mp t———headed passi on and physical attractive by first sight will truly m islead her in her marriage.She will realized her blindness in her l ove s ooner or later,and her husband will never abandon his extravagant habits,and the degeneracy of any feelings bet w een them t o indifference.
4　M r.B i n gley and Jane
Their marriage shows the power of l ove and happ iness t o over2 come class boundaries.Their l ove h
ave ever been bl ocked by Darcy and B ingley’s sister,they still attracted by each other and their l ove was s o cordial and constant.B ingley and Jane possess pers onal at2 tractiveness,dignity,s ocial graces,and a measure of good sense. Both of the m are cheerful,friendly,and good———natured,al w ays ready t o think the best of others,their t oo———agreeable natures,in2 dicate Jane and B ingley are a perfect match.Jane and B ingley exhibit t o the reader true l ove unha mpered by either p ride or p rejudice, though in their si m p le goodness,they als o de monstrate that such a l ove is m ildly dull.Of course this coup le of a noblel gente ment and a m iddle class maid were married in order t o l ove.
Compared with Darcy and Elizabeth,B ingley and Jane are s ocial partici pants who f oll ow s ocietal codes t o the letter,foreshadowing their i m m inent pairing.B ingley and Jane’s relati onshi p was described as one of app r oach———accep tance,which is in direct contrast t o the
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②nd they’ve uncovered large caches of weapons that could have been used t o kill our tr oop s。
③AThe consequences of i m posing such an artificial ti m etable would be disastr ous。
④The ene my would emerge fr om the chaos e mboldened with new safe havens,……and even greate
r deter m inati on t o har m America。众所周知,must表示“必须”,“应当”或“一定要”的含义，如果一个句子里用到了这个词，那这个句子的语气就会被加强。在①中，布什用了must这个词来表达了自己强烈的愿望，那就是“议会必须禁止对于国内经费去向的讨论，而延误了前线驻伊军队的经费。”如果布什在演讲中用should,m ight等其它情态动词来替代must的话，语气就没有原稿强烈了。
Would在文本中共出现了14处，其中有11次表示“将会”的一种假设，推断的语义内涵，如例④。布什的此次电台演讲多次从不同的角度提出“Our tr oop s urgently need Congress t o app r ove e2 mergency war funds。”同时通过假设推断，如果议会不提供资金给驻伊美军的话，后果将不堪设想。鉴于会出现这样严重的后果，如果议会表决的结果是不给与驻伊美军提供资金的话，那布什的最后一句话,“Iwill vet o it”是“情有可原“的，是为美国国家利益和民众“着想”的原因，当然也是无可厚非的，这也为将来一旦议会不通过给与驻伊美军支持或者有人对于布什的否决提出异议做了铺垫，也为布什的“独裁”提供了借口，更是布什为所代表的党派的争得利益的表现。
3　阐释
阐释是批评式语篇分析中的中间步骤，如上所述，其主要作用是将语篇本身的语言和语篇的参与者联系起来，同时分析语篇参与者在语篇的形成过程中的不同目的所产生的不同作用和结果。在演讲中，语篇的参与者是演讲者布什与广大听众(包括世界各地的听众)。在语篇的生成过程中，布什扮演着多重角，
他既是美国的最高权力者———总统，代表美国处理国内外各项重大事宜，同时他也是美国民众中一员。整篇演讲稿，布什都是站在美国的国家利益和民众的利益上，为寻求国会与民众对其有关给与伊拉克军队支援的支持。所以，在整个语篇中，布什多次使用our tr oop s，为的是唤起民众与国会的支持，从而使他个人的意愿或他所代表的阶级利益上升到国家的高度，以此来达到其个人或阶级的某种目的。
尽管如此，在语篇的生成过程中，布什就扮演了多重角，采用相应的言语策略，较好的实现了自己的交际意图，从而达到了预期的语篇目的。
4　说明
说明主要是将语篇与社会语境联系起来，分析语篇与社会控制之间的相互关系。布什发表该演讲时的社会环境是在据美伊战争三年后，世界处于相对和平时期。而战后驻伊美军一直留着伊拉克境内，美国作为首屈一指的超级大国，仍然在世界范围内强硬推行自己所选定的价值观念和大国强权政策，这样的行为势必会遭到世界热爱和平国度的谴责。作为总统，布什必须把握大局，稳定局面，这也是作为总统的首要任务。为了实现这一言语行为，达到既定目的，在整个语篇生成过程中，演讲者采取了相应的言语策略，先后扮演了最高领导者，世界领导者和民众的一员等角。指出了给驻伊美军提供资金的紧迫性，重要性及不可耽搁性，以此来反对议会中那些有意将资金用于本国农业事业发展的成员。
以上是我运用批评性的分析方法对布什近期的电台演讲做的分析。从中可以看出，描述，阐释和说明这
种新的批评性语篇分析模式，比较注重语言的主题地位和语言特征的分析描述，密切联系语篇及语篇参与者对意识形态的控制作用。而这三个分析步骤，为从宏观和微观两个方面再现语篇的全貌提供了方便，从这个意义上来讲，这中方法确实为语篇研究开辟了新的途径。
参考书目
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[3]　陈中竺.批评语言学述评[J].外语教学与研究,1995(1).
constant love什么意思[4]　廖益清.批评视野中的语言研究[J].山东外语教学,1999.
[5]　辛斌.批评语篇分析方法论[J].外国语,2002.
[6]　辛斌.语篇互文性的批评性分析[M].苏州大学出版社,2000.
[7]　辛斌.语言、权利与意识形态：批评语言学[J].现代外语,1996.
[8]　吴建刚.论批评话语分析[J].华中师范大学学报,2002(3).
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app r oach———rejecti on pattern of Elizabeth and Darcy’s relati onshi p. Both Jane and B ingley exhibit even,good natures,which mark the m as a potential match———a situati on which neither finds disagreea2 ble.The relati onshi p s of Jane and B ingley and Elizabeth and Darcy exe mp lify the f or mula of first establishing the m selves as suitable true l overs,paving the way f or courtshi p,and triu mphing in marriage.
Pride and Prejudice evokes the fact that hu man nature is p r one t o p ride.Pride usually relates more t o our op ini ons of ourselves,of which Elizabeth has ep it om ized.Pride is the real superi ority of m ind, when al ong with stubbornness,bias,and deter m inati on,would cause irre mediable regret.The novel als o evokes the values of l ove,it is caused by l ove and ended with l ove.It reflected authors oneself’vie w on l ove value,that is wr ong t o get married mere for the p r operty, money and positi on.Love is a force separate fr om s ociety and one that can conquer even the most difficult of circu m stances.The ideal mar2 riage should be based on true l ove.

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