词组
一、名词词组和固定搭配
  1.介词+名词
  by accident 偶然
  on account of 因为,由于,为了……的缘故
  in addition to 另外,加之
  in addition 除…之外(还)
  in the air 流传中
  on (the/an) average 按平均值,通常
  on the basis of 根据,在…的基础上
  at best 充其量,至多
  for the better 好转,向好的方向发展
  on board 在船(车或飞机)上
  out of breath 喘不过气来
  on business 因公,因事
  in any case 无论如何,不管怎样
  in case of 假如,如果发生;防备
  in case 假使,以防(万一)
  in no case 决不,无论如何不
  by chance 偶然,碰巧
  in charge (of) 负责,管理
  (a)round the lock 日夜不停地
  in common 共用的,共有的
  in conclusion 最后,总之
  on condition (that) 如果
  in consequence of 由于…的缘故,因为
  on the contrary 正相反
  in contrast with/to 与…对比起来,与…形成对比
  out of control 失去控制
  out of danger 脱离危险
  2.动词+名词
  have/gain access to 可以获得
  take…into account 考虑到,顾及,体谅
  take advantage of 占…的便宜,利用
  pave the way (for) 铺平道路,为…作准备
  pay attention to 注意
  do/try one‘s best 尽力,努力
  get/have the best of 战胜
  make the best of 充分利用
  get/have the better of 战胜,在…中占上风
  catch one‘s breath 屏息;喘气,气喘;歇口气
  take care 注意,当心
  take care of 爱护,照料
  take a chance 冒险,投机
  take charge 开始管理,接管
  keep…company 陪伴
  take (a) delight in 以…为乐
  make a difference 有影响,起(重要)作用
  carry/bring/put into effect 使生效,实行,实现
register的名词  come/go into effect 生效,实施
  take effect 生效,起作用
  catch sb‘s eye 被某人看到,引起某人注意
  keep sb‘s head 保持镇静
  in the world 究竟,到底
  lose sb‘s head 慌乱,仓皇失措
  lose heart 丧失勇气,失去信心
  get/catch/take hold of 抓住,得到
  keep house 管理家务
  throw/cast light on/upon 使人了解,阐明
  bear/keep in mind 记住
  have in mind 考虑到,想到
  make up one‘s mind 下定决心,打定主意
  bring/put into operation 实施,使生效,使运行
动名词
动名词在句中起名词的作用,可以充当主语、表语、宾语(动词宾语或介词宾语)。它可以有自己的定语、宾语或状语。
1)动名词作主语
Seeing is believing。 Talking mends no holes。Taking a cold shower every morning does him a lot good。____in an atmosphere of simply living was what her parents wished for。 (CET-4 1999,1)
A) The girl to be educated
B) The girl educated
C) The girls being educated
D) The girl was educated
动名词和不定式都可以做主语。不定式做主语表示具体的动作,动名词做主语则可以表示抽象或一般性的动作或情况。根据句意,这个女孩在朴素的生活环境中接受教育是她的父母所希望的,接受教育不是具体的一次性动作,因此用动名词,答案为C。当动名词做主语时,我们常用先行词it作形式主语,而把真正的主语动名词放到句尾,特别要注意如下结
构:It is useless (no use, no good, no harm) doing。。。 It is a waste of time doing。。。 It is worthwhile doing。。。
【例如】
It is no use crying over spilt milk。It is a waste of time discussing such matters with him。It is no good leaving todays work for tomorrow。
2)动名词作动词宾语动名词作动词宾语是大学英语四级考试的重要内容。
a) 英语中有些动词后面只能跟动名词作它的宾语。这类动词常见的有:admit, advice, anticipate, appreciate, avoid,consider, delay,deny,dislike, enjoy,escape,excuse, fancy,favor, finish,imagine,include , keep, mind,miss, postpone, practise,prevent , propose, resist, risk, suggest等。
【例如】
Mike often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations。The d
octor suggested that I avoid smoking and drinking for a month。Would you mind opening the window?The murderer denied killing the rich man。I would appreciate ____it a secret。 (CET-4 1995,6)
A) your keeping B) you to keep
C) that you keep D) that you will keep
appreciate后面一般加动名词做宾语,动名词可以有自己的逻辑主语,因此答案为A。
That young guy still denies____the fire behind the store。 (CET-4 2000,12)
A) to start B)shavingsstarted
C) start D) to have started
Deny后面加动名词作宾语,而且引发火灾是在否认这一动做之前,所以用动名词的完成式,答案为B。
b)动名词在demand, deserve, need, require, want等动词后面作宾语时,表示被动的意思。
【例如】
My shoes need mending。The following language points deserve mentioning。This matter demands discussing。Your hair wants ____。 You had better have it done now。 (CET-4 1997, 1) A) cut B) to cut
C) cutting D) being cut
Want, need, require等动词后经常加动名词做宾语,表示被动的意思,故答案为C。
c) 有些短语动词和结构后面也要求跟动名词作宾语。这样的短语动词常见的有:feel like,give up,go on,object/objection to,put off,keep on,insist on,leave off,look forward to,think of, cant help, be/get used to, spend。。。in , have difficulty in, have trouble/a hard time in, there be no need, confess to等。
【例如】
Do you feel like going out for dinner with me tonight?Chinese people are looking forward to holding the 27th Olympic games。I am used to going to bed late and getting up late。Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used ____late for his lecture。 (CET-4 1998,1)
A) to have students B) for students being C) for students to be D) to students being
be/get used to doing表示习惯于干什么,是固定用法,因此答案为D。
I have no objection____ your story again。 (CET-4 2000,6)
A) to hear B) to hearing
C) toshavingsheard D) to have heard
object/objection to doing是固定用法,因此A和D可以排除。动名词的完成式表示其动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前,而句中听的动作还没有进行,因此用动名词的一般式,答案为B。
d)有些动词既可以加动名词,又可以加不定式,两者在意义上有差别。这些动词有:forget, like, remember, regret, try等。forget to do:忘记去做某事,还没有做。
 
【例如】
Dont forget to take an umbrella when you go out。forget doing:忘了做过某事。
【例如】
Ill never forget ____you for the first time。 (CET-4 2000,12)