专题 15  阅读理解：词意猜测题
备考高考英语二轮复习
距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！
养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。在这个时候，学生要尽快到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读
理解的效率。另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
命题解读
词义猜测题考查的是考生根据上下文推断猜测猜测词语或句子的能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。同时，考生应掌握一些猜词技巧，通过定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义、构词、常识及上下文线索等确定词义。
词句猜测题每套试卷一般为1题，但有一定难度，也是学生容易失分的题型。
考点分类
词义猜测解体技巧
一  词语猜测题 
常见设问方式
The underlined word “ … ” refers to/ (probably) means     .
, “...” can be replaced by “...”.
“…” as used in the passage can best be defined as…
By saying that “...” in the first paragraph, the author means that_____
What does the underlined word “…” refer to in the last paragraph?
Which of the following words can take the place of the word “ … ”?
The underlined word /sentence in the ... paragraph could best be replaced by…
Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ … ”? accessible反义词前缀
解题技能
1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测
有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。有时候利用上下文提供的语境和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，从而推断词义，这是近几年考试重点，这种题型更能检查学生英语综合能力。
  典例剖析   
(2022年 全国乙卷)
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts. 
What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to? 
A. personnel safety.         
B. assistance from drones. 
C. inspection and repair.     
D. construction of infrastructure. 
【答案】C
【解析】根据第二句 … sending maintenance staff … to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. 可知maintenance是“维护，保养”的意思，C项Inspection and repair与句中的inspect and repair对应。因此答案为C。
2.根据同位关系或列举进行猜测
被裁撤的词后面有时紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，因此可利用同位关系对前面的词义或句意进行猜测。
同位标志词：or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely 等
列举标志词：for example, for instance, such as, like, including
  典例剖析   
(2021年 新高考I卷)
I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips — of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box be
cause I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor (捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.
Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1?
A．provider  B．delivery man
C．collector  D．medical doctor
【答案】B
【解析】“a volunteer stem cell courier”是“Peter Hodes”的同位语；根据文中“I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box”可知，Peter Hodes的任务就是将捐献者捐献的干细胞运送给需要的病人，即作者是干细胞递送员。故选择B项。
3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、派生等)进行猜测
在英语中，有很多词可以通过增加前缀和后缀的方式，构成新词。乍看起来，这个词可能是
新词，但在掌握了一定的构词知识之后，就可以根据词性变化来帮助解题。通常的词形变化有名词动化，动词名化以及形容词动化。此外，派生词也是帮助猜测词义的有效方法之一。我们常用的反义前缀有：un- , im- , dis- , il- 等，反义后缀有：-less， 改变词性后缀的有：-ful, -ly, - ment, -ness等。
  典例剖析   
1.…Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when they’re being stared at. If people doubt the outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see for themselves.” …
The underlined word “outcome” in the last paragraph most probably means .
A. value              B. result   
C. performance       D. connection
【答案】B
【解析】运用“构词法”进行猜测。动词词组come out 的意义为“露出、出现、显露出”。再根据句子的语境，可猜测出其意义是：(实验的)结果，因此答案为B。
  典例剖析   
2. “Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10，” Anaclerio said, “and they're very interactive and creative in that they built a sense of drama based on a subject.”
【解析】文中interactive是由前缀inter­(相互的)和active(活动的，活跃的)构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。
4.根据因果关系进行猜测
在阅读文章猜测词义时，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以出原因。
表原因：because, because of, for, since, as a result of
表结果：so, therefore, so that, so/such … that … , lead to, result in, contribute to
  典例剖析   
If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children's party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.