TOEFL常见词根词缀
词根词缀
前缀:
A=放在单词或者词根前,等于negative(否定)=not, without
amnesty⼤赦,特赦,amoral ⾮道德的
apathy冷漠,漠不关⼼asymmetry不对称
放在单词前,表⽰“在,的” asleep, aside
Ab,abs-=from, away from, off 加在词根前,表⽰“相反,变坏,离去”
abnormal变态的,不正常的
abortion流产,堕胎
ab-, ac-, ad-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-加在同辅⾳字母的词根前,表⽰“⼀再”等加强意。accompany, accomplish, affirm, attract
Ad=to, at, for ad-加在单词或词根前,表⽰“做,加强”
adapt 使适合,使适应addict使沉溺,使热衷
Ambi=on both sides, about, around: ambidextrous两⼿都很灵巧ambient周围的ambiguous含糊的,不明确的
Amphi=on both sides,around :amphibian⽔路两栖
An-在词根前,表⽰“不,⽆”:anonymous 匿名的,anarchism ⽆君主义
Ante=before :antecedent在先的antechamber来宾接待室antedate提前的⽇⼦anticipate预期
Anti=against, opposite to
anti-communist反共的Antarctic南极的
apo- 表⽰“离开,远离” ap ogee
Auto=self
autobiography⾃传autocracy专制政治
autogamy ⾃体⽣殖(gamy=marriage)
autonomy⾃治区
Be-构成动词,表⽰“使……成为”befall, befriend, behold
构成介词,beside, behind, below, before, beneath
Bene=well, good
benefaction恩惠benefactor恩⼈
beneficial有益的benign良性的
Bi=double, two
bicameral两院制的bicolored两⾊的
bigamy重婚的bilingual双语的
by-“在旁边,副的”: byroad, byway, bywork
Co-表⽰“共同”,通常放在元⾳词根前。Coeducation, cohabit, coexist, coincide
Circum=around, round about
circumference圆周circumstance环境circulate流通
Com(con)=together, with
combine联合,结合commingle混合
compose组成,构成coeducation
coexist共存cohabitation同居
Contra=against
contradict否认,反驳contrary相反
contrast对⽐counterbalance对抗⼒
counterfeit伪造品
Counter-表⽰“反对,相反” counteract, counterbalance
col-, cor-在同辅⾳词根前,表⽰“共同”: collapse, colleague, collect
De=down, downward
表⽰分离的时候(away, from):Deform 使残废,使丑陋Derive 获得,得来,起源表⽰否定的时候:Demerit 过失,短处
表⽰加强的时候:Demonstrate 证明,⽰范Devastate 使荒废,毁灭
DE的另外⽤法:Decode 译码Deface伤毁Deficit ⾚字
deca-=ten: Decade⼗年Decagon⼗⾓形Decimal⼗进制Decimeter分⽶di-
表⽰“两个,双”: dichromatic, dioxide
表⽰“使…变成,分开,离开”: digest
Demi-=half : Demigod
Di-=double,twice: Dilemma 进退两难Diploma双学位
dia- 表⽰“穿过,⼆者之间”: Dialogue, diameter
Dia-=through, between, across
Diagnosis=between+knowledge 诊断
Diagonal=through+angle对⾓线
Diameter=through+meter直径
dif- 和辅⾳重复表⽰“不,否定,分开”
differ, difference, diffident
dis-=除去,剥夺,反对,否定
Disadvantage不利,缺点,损失
Disannul 取消,废弃
Disband 解散
Disconsolate哀伤的,忧闷的
Dismember割断四肢,使四分五裂
Duo-=two, double
Dozen⼀打,12个
Duplicate完全相同的,复制的
dys-表⽰“坏,不良”
dyspepsia, dyslexia, dysfunction
e-,ef- 表⽰“出,出来”:
evaluate, elongate, elaborate
em-,en- 表⽰“进⼊…之中,包围”:
embrace, embed, empathy
表⽰“使…进⼊状态”:empower, embitter, embody
epi-表⽰“在…上,在…周围,在…后⾯
epidermal, epidemic, epigram
eu-=well
Euphemism 委婉的说法
Euthanasia 安乐死
Ex-=out of, fully
Elaborate=⽤⼼地做,苦⼼经营
Execute实现,执⾏
Exempt免除
Exert运⽤,实施
Exhale呼出,呼⽓
Exhilarate使兴⾼采烈,使快活
exo-表⽰“外部的,外⾯”exogamy, exotic Extra-=beyong Extracurricular课外的
Extrajudicial法庭外的
Extravagant奢侈的,过度的
Fore-=before
Forearm前臂
Foremost最先的,⾸要的
Forth-=towards
Forthcoming即将出现的,
Forthright⼀往直前地,直路
Kilo-=thousand
Kilocalorie⼤卡
Kilohertz千赫
Kilovolt千伏
Kilowatt千⽡
Hemi-=half
hemicycle 半圆
Hemisphere 半球
Hetero-= other, different
Heterodyne 异齿形的?
Heterosexual 异性爱的⼈
Homo-=same
homosexual 同性恋的⼈
Hyper-=above,beyond
Hyperacidity 胃酸过多症
Hyperactive 极度活跃的,过分积极的Hypermilitant 极端好战的
Hypersensitive 过度敏感的
Hypersonic 超⾳速的
Hypertension ⾼⾎压的
Hypertrophy 肥胖,异常发达
Hypo-=under
Hypocrisy 伪善,矫饰
Hypotension 低⾎压
Hypothermia 低体温
Hypothesis 假说,假设
In-=in,into,on
Inborn 天⽣的,天赋的
Incubate=on+lie+ate= 孵蛋,孵化,筹划
Induce=towards+to lead=引诱,说服,招致Infect=in+to make 传染
Inflate= in+to blow 使膨胀,使得意,使物价上涨Intoxicate=into+poison+ate=使醉,使陶醉,使中毒Im-=in,into
Immerge=into+to sink 浸,沉⼊
immigrate= into+to wander 移民
emigrate 迁居
impediment= in+foot+ment 妨碍,阻碍
Impinge=in+to strike 撞击,侵犯
Implicate=in+to fold 牵连,暗⽰,使纠缠
explicate 说明,解释
I(n)-=negative=not
Inaccessible 不能亲近的,不能得到的
Inadequate 不适当的,不充分的
Inaudible 听不见的
Indecisive 缺乏决⼼的,优柔寡断的
Insane 疯狂的
Invaluable ⽆价的,⾮常珍贵的
Illegitimate 违法的,私⽣的
Illiterate未受教育的⼈,不和逻辑的
Inter-=between,among
Intercept=between+catch 中途拦截,截获
Interlude=between+to play间奏曲,中间
Interstellar=between+star星际的
Intra-,intro-=within,inward(与extra-相反)
Intraparty 党内的
Intravenous静脉内的,静脉注射的
Introspect 内省
Introvert使内向,使内省
accessible反义词前缀
Iso-=equal
Isochronal同⼀时间的,等时性
Isotherm等温线
Isotope同位素
Macro-=large, long macrocosm=large + universe ⼤宇宙,总体Macroeconomics 总体经济学,宏观经济学Macrometeorology⼤⽓象学
Macroscopic= large+ scop (to look)+ic (al) ⾁眼可见的
Mal(e)-=badly,ill (与bene 相反)
Maladjustment调节不善,适应不应
Maladminstration经营不善,恶政
malediction= badly + to speak 诅咒,诽谤
Malformation奇形怪状,畸形
Malignant= bad+ to produce恶性的(benigant 良性的)