名词解释
Heroic Couplet:  a couplet consisting of two rhymed lines of iambic pentameter, and written in an elevated style.
1．Renaissance:  a revival or rebirth of the artistic and scientific revival which originated in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. It has two features: a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature and keen interest in activities of humanity.
2．Sonnet:  14-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter.
3．Blank verse:  poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.
worship4．Neoclassicism:  the Enlightenment brought about a revival of interest in Greek and Roman works. This tendency is known as Neoclassicism.
5．Sentimentalism:  it was one of the important trends in English literature of the later decades of the 18th century. It concentrated on the free expression of thoughts and emotions,
and presented a new view of human nature which prized feeling over thinking, passion over reason.
6．Romanticism:  imagination, emotion and freedom are certainly the focal points of romanticism. The particular characteristics of the literature of romanticism include: subjectivity and an emphasis on individualism; freedom from rules; solitary life rather then life in society; the beliefs that imagination is superior to reason; and love of and worship of nature.
7．Lake Poets:  the English poets who lived in and drew inspiration from the Lake District at the beginning of the 19th century.
8．Byronic Heroes:  a variant of the Romantic heroes as a type of character( enthusiasm, persistence, pursuing freedom), named after the English Romantic Poet Gordon Byron.
9．Realism:  seeks to portray familiar characters, situations, and settings in a realistic manner. This is done primarily by using an objective narrative point of view and through the buildup of accurate detail.
10．Aestheticism:  an art movement supporting the emphasis of aesthetic values more than socio-political themes for literature, fine art, music and other arts.
11．Stream-of-Consciousness:  it is a literary technique that presents the thoughts and feelings of a character as they occur without any clarification by the author. It is a narrative mode.
12．Dramatic Monologue:  a kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one or more listeners whose replies are not given in the poem.
13．Iambic Pentameter:  a poetic line consisting of five verse feet, with each foot an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable, that is, with each foot an iamb.
14．Epic:  a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated.
15．Elegy:  a poem of mourning, usually over the death of an individual; may also be a lament over the passing of life and beauty or a meditation of the nature of death; a type of l
yric poem.
16．Canto:  a section of a long poem. The cantos can be a great poem
17．Ode:  a complex and often lengthy lyric poem, written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or serious subjects. Odes are written for a special occasion, to honor a person or a season or to commemorate an event.
Spenserian Stanza: a nine-line stanza made up of 8 lines of iambic pentameter ending with an Alexandrine. Its thyme scheme is ababbcbcc. This stanza was common to travel literature.
18．Metrical Pattern: a lyric poem of five 14-lined stanzas containing four tercets and a closing couplet. The rhyme scheme is aba bcb cdc ded ee.
文学史
中古时期
1.Beowulf《贝奥武甫》: the natural epic of the English people; Denmark story, alliteration, metaphor, understatements
2.Sir Gawain and Green Knight《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》
3.Geoffrey Chaucer(杰弗里 乔叟）：the Father of English Poetry; The Canterbury Tales《埃特伯雷故事集》（24stories)