重读发音规律
英语单词重读规律浅探(ZT)发音规则主要是针对重读音节的,因此,如何确定双音节词和多音节词的重读音节,就成了实现单词“见即能读”的关键。 

双音节词和多音节词中,哪一个音节重读,往往涉及词的构造,因此有必要首先介绍一下主要的构词方法。 

英语的构词方法很多,但主要有三种:(1)缀合法:通过前缀或后缀构成另一个词。例如:luck(运气)→lucky(幸运的),unlucky(不幸的)。(2)转化法:由一个词类转化为另一个词类。例如:water(n.水)→water(v.浇水)。(3)合成法:由两个或更多个的词合成为一个词。例如:book+bag→bookbag(书包);mother+in+law→mother-in-law(岳母,婆婆)。 

二、双音节词的重读规律 

(一)双音节词重读的一般倾向 

1.双音节动词倾向于第二个音节重读。例如:absorb(吸收),behave(举止),forget(忘记),receive(接收)。 

2.动词以外的双音节词,倾向于第一个音节重读。例如:custom(n.习惯),distant(adj.遥远的),second(num.第二),many(pron.许多),often(adv.经常),into(prep.进入),after(conj.在……之后)。 

名词、形容词、副词的后缀,大都是非重读的,如:-er,-or,-ess,-ism -tion -sion,-ssion -ment -ship -hood -age -ure -dom -ey -ance -our -ent -ace -ow -ic(s)等名词后缀;-less -ish -ive -ous -able -ible -ic -some -like -en-ed -al -ant,-ful -ing -ty -ly等形容词后缀。-ly -ward(s),-wise等副词后缀。这也进一步加重了这类词第一个音节重读的倾向。仅举几例说明。名词:actor(演员),nation(国家);形容词:useful(有用的),dirty(脏的);副词:really(真地);
数词:twenty(二十)。 

3.某些单词既可以作动词,又可以作名词或形容词。作动词时,第二个音节重读;作名词或形容词时,第一个音节重读。这反映出两种倾向的明显对比。例如:-rekord作动词“记录”解时读〔ri′k :d〕,作名词“记录”解时读〔-rek d ;present作动词“赠送”解时读〔prizent〕,作名词“礼物”解时读〔′prez nt〕;absent作动词“缺席”解时读〔 b′sent〕,作形容词“缺席的”解时读〔′ bs nt〕。 

(二)影响双音节词重读倾向的构词因素 

上述双音节动词倾向于第二个音节重读,而其他类的双音节词倾向于第一个音节重读,但这并不意味着所有的双音节词都是如此。据统计,90%的双音节动词都符合第二个音节重读倾向,而约60%的非动词双音节词符合第一个音节重读倾向。 

双音节词的重读还要受到单词结构的影响。 


1.词缀的影响 

带有-en -er-,-ish,-le,-y,-ow等非重读后缀的动词,第二个音节不重读,第一个音节重读。例如:happen(发生),open(打开),finish(结束),struggle(奋斗),carry(携带),swallow(吞咽),borrow(借来)。 

带有a-,be-,to-,ex-等前缀的副词、形容词、介词、连词以及带有-ee和-self结尾的名词或代词,第一个音节不重读,第二个音节重读。例如:abroad(adv.在国外),behind(prep.在……后面),tonight(adv.今晚),except(prep.除……以外),payee(收款人),myself(prep.我自己)。 

部分带有re-,ex-,un-,pre-,post-等前缀的双音节、带-teen后缀、以及某些地名、国家名,两个音节都重读。例如:rewrite(改写),ex-wife(前妻),unfair(不公平的),preview(预览),postwar(战后的),Berlin(柏林),Chinese(中国的)
等。 
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单词重音 
A)双音节词 
a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter, sorry 
b)有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词,第二个音节是重音。a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn, res'pect, com'pare, in'form, dis'cuss, im'press, mis'take, en'force, pre'pare, em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, ex'claim,trans'late 
c)有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上,其它的词性在第二个音节上。'record, re'cord; 'insult, in'sult; 'conduct, con'duct; 'present pre'sent; 'content, con'tent 
d)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词,有两个重音。'out'side, 're'tell, '
well-'known, 'un'real, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese, 'pre-'war, 'post-'war 
B)多音节词 
a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult, 'communist, 'family, e'conomy, oppor'tunity,de'mocracy. 
b)有一些双音节词,加了前缀和后缀成了多音节,但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。'carefully, in'definite, 'comfortable, con'ductor, ac'cording, dis'turbance, 'complicated,es'tablishment, 
c)词尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive 后缀的词,重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。cour'teous, cal'ligraphy, edi'torial, his'torian, peri'odic, mathe'matics, ex'perience,suf'ficient, i'dentify, trans'lation, re'ligious, curi'osity, pro'tective 
d)词尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词,重音在该后缀上,而且有一个次重音。enter'tain, emplo'yee, mountai'neer, Japa'nese, ciga'rette 

2)句子重音 

A) 英语的节奏:(轻)-轻-重-轻-(轻)或重-轻-(轻)(轻)重 

B) 英语句子的长短:是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的,而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。 

C) 实词重读(副词重读),虚词轻读(冠词,单音节介词,单音节连词,人称代词,反代词,物主代词,关系代词,相互代词,助动词,情态动词和系动词be 

D) 实词不重读的特殊情况 
a) 实词第二次出现 He thinks of that as a child thinks. 
b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰 I met her in the railway station. 
table的读音c) 代替词 Which book do you want? The small one. 
d) 感叹词中的 what 和how What a good day it is! How beautiful she is! 
e) street 在专有名词中 Wangfujing Street. 
f)this在这些短语中,this morning/afternoon/evening 


E)虚词重读的特殊情况 
a) 情态动词,助动词和系动词be在句首,句尾和否定时。Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can. I don't like you. He isn't a worker. 
b) 情态动词表示可能,惊奇和肯定时。They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room. 
c) 介词在句首和句尾。In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with. 
d) 引导复合句的连词在句首。If you wish, I'll visit you. When he comes, I'll tell him. 
e)反身代词表示强调。He couldn't come himself
2.字母发音规律
2. 英语26个字母和常见字母组合的一般发音规律:(要求熟记于心,脱口而出)?总口诀:元音字母音多变,熟记规则也不难。辅音字母显易单,见面就把音来念。字母组合固定音,千锤百炼习语感。遇见生词规律,划分音节顺口连,元音字母在中间,辅音字母两边站,字母组合算一个,熟能生巧难亦简。?辅音字母发音小口诀:辅音字母显易单,见面就把音来念。
b发[b], c发[k], ci(y) ce多发[s]; 例词:blue, table, Crisp, class, picture,actor, pencil, bicycle, nice,
d发[d], f [f], g发[g] [dV], [V]少见; Sandy, dog, red, fly, coffee,green, egg, orange, garage
h [h], j发[dV], k / l [k] [l]可分连; her, here, his, jeep, Japan,book, look, blue, Klan class
m [m], n [n][N], p [p] q [k] r 发[r]; meet, am, no, green, thank,English, pen, cap, quickly, Crisp,
s 最多[s]和[z], 趋唇[F] [V]也常见; sir, this, sit, is, his, whose, please,sure[F], usually[V], pleasure
x 发音剪头端,[ks]多于[gz]面; six, pencil-box, excuse, exercise; exam,(后接重读元音)
t 发[t], v 发[v], w 辅音[w]来念; teacher, it, very, voice, river, with,swim, wash, which, white
最后一个字母z,发好[z]音才算完。zoo, zero, size, puzzle,
辅音字母一见发音表:
bcdfghjklmn
[b][k]cap[d][f][g]egg[h][dV][k][l][m][n]
[s]city [dV] [-l] [N]g/k
tablericebedcoffeeorangehighjeepbook bluemeetnose
bluebicycledogflygarbagehelloJapankeepballroompen
[V]garage table thank
pqrstvwx(y)z
[p][k][r][s]desk[t][v][w][ks][j]yes[z]
[-r][z]easy [gz][ai]mypencilquickrose[V]usuallysitvoicewashbox[i]busyzoo
openquartersorrypleasureteacherinviteswimexamveryzero
teacher[F]surelittle quicklyfreeze
?常见辅音字母组合的发音口诀: 字母组合固定音,千锤百炼习语感。
wh发音 [h] 和 [w], th 常发 [W] 和 [T];
ch/tch多发 [tF], 有时发音 [F] 或 [k];
sh [F], ph [f], gh 不发或发 [f](词尾);
ge\dge 多发 [dV], ck 发 [k], kn [n];
ng 易发 [N] [Ng], qu发音 [kw] 和[k]。
wr 发卷趋 [r], 双写分节不分音。{ 动词或复数词尾s /es, 多发[s][z]/ 和[iz]; ts [ts] ds[dz]}
例词:
wh发音 [h] 和 [w],
wh ---[ ] which, white, what, where, when, why [ ] whose, who,
whole {*whew [hw-]}
th 常发 [W] 和 [T];th --- [ ] this, that, the, they, with [ ] thank,three, tooth, forth, eleventh
ch/tch多发 [tF], 有时发音 [F] 或 [k];
(t)ch ---[ ] chicken, chair, child, sandwich, catch, watch
chase(追赶,追击,追求),
[ ] ache, headache, chemist [ ] machine[mE`FEn], chaise [Feiz](带篷二轮马车)
sh [F], ph [f], gh 不发或发 [f](词尾); sh ---[ ] shoe, ship, sheep,fish, wash, ash
ph ---[ ] photo, telephone, phrase gh ---[ ] right, light,daughter [ ] laugh, cough
ge\dge 多发 [dV], ck 发 [k], kn [n];(d)ge ---[ ] orange, page, bridge, fridge, porridge(麦片粥,稀饭)
ck ---[ ] black, kick, lock, back
kn ---[ ] knife, know, knock, knee(膝盖), kneel(跪下), knit (编织),knob(球形把手, 旋钮),
knack (诀窍), knight(骑士,武士; **《金山游侠》,金山公司出品的游戏修改软件),
ng 易发 [N] [Ng], qu发音 [kw] 和[k]。ng ---[ ] sing, song, long, wing [] English, hungryqu ---[ ] quick, quite(相当,十分), quiet (安静的,平静的), quarter, require,[ ] cheque(支票), unique(唯一,独有独特的), technique(技巧),
wr 发卷趋 [r],
wr ---[ ] wrong, write, wrap(包,裹), wrist(手腕), wrest(拧,扭),wrestle(摔跤), wring(绞,扭)
 
双写分节不分音:miss, apple, egg, sorry, yellow, umbrella {双写元音字母:see,zoo, book}
ts/tes ---[ ] its tail(它的尾巴), two baskets /boats(两个篮子/小船), my coats/shirts (我的上衣/衬衫), three hats(三顶帽子), five cats(五只猫), many
streets(许多街道), two packets(两个包裹/两包..), some presents/sweets(一些礼物/糖果), two biscuits (两块饼干), a box of chocolates (一包巧克力糖),