Focusing on Reading
Task 1
1.G 2. E 3. C 4. F 5. A 6. D 7.J 8. B 9.L
10.H 11. N 12. M 13. Q 14.K 15. I 16.R 17.O 18.P
Task 2
1)The reasons are as follows”
Firstly, students sometimes view academic dishonesty as a normal incidence and something ordinary. There are many reasons that they use to justify their cheating.
Secondly, new techniques of cheating have been developed, including the use of high-tech tools, although the old ones are still dominant on campus, which makes it even more difficult for the faculty to identify.
Thirdly, it is a common view to equate grades with the value of the student. Furthermore, grades are used to predict one’s future success. So some students tend to practice academic dishonesty with the aim of getting higher grades.
Fourthly, little is known about the degree of academic dishonesty and no methods are devised to combat the problem. Besides, there are no strategies for deterring academic dishonesty for the faculty.
Fifthly, honor codes are essential to reducing the level of cheating in colleges and should be established. However, their importance has been neglected.
Last but not least, academic dishonesty is no longer a task of classroom management that can well be remedied by a single faulty with teaching responsibility. Administrators and professional organizations are expected to work together to maintain a healthy learning environment with a high level of trust between the faculty and the administration.
2)Old techniques include bringing notes to class and having information written on water
bottles, pens and gum wrappers. New techniques of cheating include using cell phones to get the information, communicate with others outside the exam room to obtain answers and searching answers on the web during an exam.
Other forms include copying test responses from a classmate, taking exams for other people, failure to cite other people’s work, and purchasing research papers and presenting them as his/her work. Also actions such as breaking into the office or teachers files to access the test or answer key, sabotaging peers ongoing work or gaining illegal access to school computers to change official grades are all forms of academic dishonesty. (B)
3)There are many reasons that students use to justify cheating: lack of time, poverty, uncaring instructors, laziness, peer pressure, poor rile models, fear of failure and technology that has allowed cheating to be done easily. (C)
Besides, research shows that a common view equates grades with the value of the student. Secondly, grades are used to predict one’s future success. This may cause the st
udents to practice academic dishonesty.
4)Studies show that honor codes were essential to reducing the level of cheating in colleges. Honor codes would be more successful when they were combined with a climate that emphasized the importance of academic integrity and an honor system that allowed for strong student involvement in the enforcement of academic integrity initiatives. Therefore, the administration should strive in the creation of the campus environment, seek the full support of all the college constituents, and ensure the implementation of the honor codes at the institution. (N)
5)Academic fraternity means “all the people who work in academia.”
It can stress integrity as a core institutional value that will shape the students’ academic success.
Task 3
1. a  2. j  3. W  4. m  5. k  6. o  7. v  8. x  9.n  10.b  11. u  12.y  13.d
14. i  15. f  16. z  17. t  18.p  19. S  20. q  21. e  22. g  23. c  24. h  25. l  26. r
Task 4
Sentences
Chinese equivalents
Synonyms
1) eradicate
根除，杜绝，扫除
get rid of , wipe out, eliminate, obliterate
2) undermine
破坏，侵蚀，损害，消弱
erode, destroy, wear away, compromise damage, impair, undercut， weaken
3）deter
威慑，阻止
menace，threaten, check, hinder, discourage, restrain, inhibit
4）paramount
首要的，至高无上的
cardinal, preeminent, prime, primary, supreme, chief, principal
5)jeopardized
危及
endanger, put in jeopardy, compromise, at risk
6)uphold
保持，支持
Support, endorse, sustain, advocate, back, encourage, champion, maintain, stick to, hold to, hold fast to, encourage
7)portrayed
描绘，描写
depict, delineate, represent, characterize, describe
8)adhere to
遵守
follow, obey, observe, respect, be subject to
9)condemn
谴责
check, censure, criticize, denounce, reprobate
10)commitment
献身，奉献
dedication, devotion
11)subscribed
赞同，认同
submittingagree with
12)accountable
负有责任的，应负责任的
responsible, answerable, obligatory