J英语09级翻译练习：
英译汉
1．
The Quest
Taking the train, the two friends arrived in Berlin in late October 1922, and went directly to the address of Chou Enlai. Would this man receive them as fellow countrymen, or would he treat them with cold suspicion and question them cautiously about their past careers as militarists? Chu Teh remembered his age. He was thirty-six, his youth had passed like a screaming eagle, leaving him old and disillusioned.
When Chou En-lai’s door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful. Yet it was a manly face, serious and intelligent; and Chu judged him to be in his middle twenties.
Chou was a quiet and thoughtful man, even a little shy as he welcomed his visitors, urged them to be seated and to ten how he could help them.
Ignoring the chair offered him, Chu Teh stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was, what he had done in the past, how he had fled from Yunnan, talked with Sun Y at-sen, been repulsed by Chen Tuhsiu in Shanghai, and had come to Europe to find a new way of life for himself and a new
revolutionary road for China. He wanted to join the Chinese Communist Party group in Berlin, he would study and work hard? he would do anything he was asked to do but5 return to his old life, which had turned to ashes beneath his feet.
As he talked Chou En-lai stood facing him, his head a little to one side as was his habit, listening intently until the story was told. and then questioning him.
When both visitors had told their stories, Chou smiled a little, said he would help them find rooms, and arrange for them to join the Berlin Communist group as candidates until their application had been sent to China and an answer received. When the reply came a few months later they were enrolled as full members, but Chu’s membership was kept a secret from outsiders.
2.
How to Grow Old
by Bertrand Russcll
In spite of the title, this article will really be on1 how not to grow old, which, at my time of life, is a much more important subject. My first advice would be to choose your ancestors carefully. Although both my parents died young 1 J have done well in this respect as regards my other ancestors. My maternal grandfather, it is true, was cut off in the flower of his youth at the age of sixty-seven, but my other three grandparents all lived to be over eighty. Of remoter ancestors I can only discover one who
did not live to a great age, and he died of a disease which is now rare, namely, having his head cut off. A great grandmother of mine; who was a friend of Gibbon, lived to the age of ninety-two, and to her last day remained a terror to all her descendants. My maternal grandmother, after having nine children who survived, one who died in infancy and many miscarriages, as soon as she became a widow devoted herself to women’s higher education. She was one of the founders of Girton College, and worked hard at opening the medical profession to women. She used to relate how she met in Italy an elderly gentleman who was looking very sad. She inquired the cause of his melancholy and he said that he had just parted from his two grandchildren. “Good gracious,” she exclaimed, “I have seventy-two grandchildren, and if I were sad each time I parted from one of them, I should have a dis
mal existence!” “Madre snaturate,” he replied. But speaking as one of the seventy-two, I prefer her recipe. After the age of eighty she found she had some difficulty in getting to sleep, so she habitually spent the hours from midnight to 3 a. m. in reading popular science. I do not believe that she ever had time to notice that she was growing old. This, I think, is the proper recipe for remaining young. If you have wide and keen interests and activities in which you can still be effective, you will have no reason to think about the merely statistical fact of the number of years you have already lived, still less of the probable brevity of your future.
As regards health, I have nothing useful to say since I have little experience of illness, 1 eat and drink whatever I like , and sleep when I cannot keep awake. I never do anything whatever on the ground that it is good for health, though in actual fact the things I like doing are mostly wholesome.
Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. One’s thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy; one’s own past is a gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think to oneself that one’s emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and one’s mind more keen. If this is true it should be forgotten, and if it is forgotten it will probabl
英汉互译翻译y not be true.
The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of sucking vigour from its vitality. When your chi1dren are grown up they want to live their awn lives, and if you continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were young, you are likely to become a burden to them, unless they are unusually callous. I do not mean that one should be without interest in them, but one’s interest should be contemplative and. if possible, philanthropic, but not unduly emotional. Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as their young can
look after themselves, but human beings. owing to the length of infancy, find this difficult.
How Should One Read a Book?
by Virginia Woolf
It is simple enough to say that since books have classes ——fiction, biography, poetry ——we should separate them and take from each what is right that each should give us. Y et few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it should be false, of biography that it shall
be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictation to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow-worker and accomplice. If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist and turn of the sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite. The thirty-two chapters of a novel —— if :
consider how to read a novel first —— are an attempt to make something as formed and controlled as a building: but words are more impalpable than bricks; reading is a longer and more complicated process than seeing. Perhaps the quickest way to understand the elements of what a novelist is doing is not to read, but to write; to make your own experiment with the dangers and difficulties of words. Recall, then, some event that has left a distinct impression on you ——how at the corner of the street, perhaps, you passed two people talking. A tree shook; an electric light danced; the tone of the talk was comic, but also tragic; a whole vision, an entire conception, seemed contained in the moment.
But when you attempt to reconstruct it in words, you will find that it breaks into a thousand conflicting impressions. Some must be subdued, others emphasised; in the process you will lose, probably, all grasp upon the emotion itself. Then turn from your blurred and littered pages to the opening pages of some great novelist ——Defoe, Jane Austen, Hardy. Now you will be better able to appreciate their mastery is not merely that we are in the presence of a different person —— Defoe. Jane Austen, or Thomas Hardy ——but that we are living in a different world. Here, in Robinson Crusoe, we are trudging a plain high road; one thing happens after another; the fact and the order of the fact is enough. But if the open air and adventure mean everything to Defoe they mean nothing to Jane Austen. Hers is the drawing-room, and people talking, and by the many
mirrors of their talk revealing their characters. And if, when we have accustomed ourselves to the drawing-room and its reflections, we turn to Hardy, we are once more spun around. The moors are round us and the stars are above our heads. The other side of the mind is now exposed —— the dark side that comes uppermost in solitude, not
the light side that shows in company. Our relations are not towards people, but towards Nature and destiny. Y et different as these worlds are, each is consistent with itself. The maker of each is careful to observe the laws of his own perspective, and however great a strain they may put upon us they wil
l never confuse us, as lesser writers so frequently do, by introducing two different kinds of reality into the same book. Thus to go from one great novelist to another - from Jane Austen to Hardy, from Peacock to Trollope, from Scott to Meredith — is to be wrenched and uprooted; to be thrown this way and then that. To read a novel is a difficult and complex art. Y ou must be capable not only of great finesse of perception, but of great boldness of imagination if you are going to make use of all that the novelist ——the great artist —— gives you.
4.
Speech by President Nixon of the United
States at Welcoming Banquet
21 February 1972
Mr. Prime Minister and all of your distinguished guests this evening,
On behalf of all of your American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world. I particularly want to pay tribute not only to those who prepared the magnificent dinner, but also t02 those who have provided the spl
endid music. Never have I heard American music played better in a foreign land.
Mr. Prime Minister, I wish to thank you for your very gracious and eloquent remarks. At this very moment through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other such occasion in the whole history of the world. Y et, what we say here will not be long remembered. What we do here can change the world.
As you said in your toast, the Chinese people are a great people, the American people are a great people. If our two people are enemies the future of this world we share together is dark indeed. But if we can find
common ground to work together, the chance for world peace is immeasurably increased.
In the spirit of frankness which I hope will characterize our talks this week, let us recognize at the outset these points: we have at times in the past been enemies. We have great differences today. What brings us together is that we have common interests which transcend those differences. As we discuss our differences, neither of us will compromise our principles. But while we cannot close the gulf between us, we can try to bridge it so that we may be able to talk across it.
So, let us, in these next five days, start a long march together not in lockstep, but on different roads leading to the same goal, the goal of building a world structure of
peace and justice in which all may stand together with equal dignity and in which each nation, large or small, has a right to determine its own form of government, free of outside interference or domination. The world watches. The world listens. The world waits to see what we will do. What is the world? In a personal sense, I think of my eldest daughter whose birthday is today. As I think of her, I think of all the children in the world, in Asia, in Africa, in Europe, in the Americas, most o f whom were born since the date of the foundation of the People’s Republic of China.
What legacy shall we leave our children? Are they destined to die for the hatreds which have plagued the old world, or are they destined to
live because we had the vision to build a new world?
There is no reason for us to be enemies. Neither of us seeks the territory of the other; neither of us seeks domination over the other, neither of us seeks to stretch out our hands and rule the world.
Chairman Mao has written, “So many deeds cry out to be done, and always urgently; the world roils on, time presses. Ten thousand years are too long, seize the day, seize the hour!”
This is the hour. This is the day for our two peoples to rise to the heights of greatness which can build a new and a better world.
In that spirit, I ask all of you present to join me in raising your glasses to Chairman Mao, to Prime Minister Chou, and to the friendship of the Chinese and American people which can lead to friendship and peace for all people in the world.
汉译英
1．
孟轲悔过
孟子是我国古代一个大学问家。他姓孟名轲。幼时家境贫穷，生活困难。不幸在他三岁的时候，父亲去世了，母子无依无靠，处境更加艰难。怎么办呢？孟母向人借了一架机抒，靠织布维持生计。盂轲慢慢长大了。但他非常贪玩，不爱读书学习。
有一天，还不到放学的时候，他悄悄溜出学堂，题回家来。孟母发现孟轲提前逃学回来，非常生气，她从织布机上站起来，严肃地问儿子：
“你又逃学？”
孟轲看了看母亲，低下头，说：
“念书没意思，我不念了！”
孟母一听，气得浑身哆嗦，拿起剪刀，把没有织完的绸子剪断了。母亲的行动惊呆了孟轲，他睁着惊愕的眼睛，不知如何是好。孟母痛心地指着那一根根丝线，语重心长地说：
“你看，这绸子是一根根丝线用力气织起来的。人的学问是一点一滴慢慢积累起来的。你不读书，荒废学业，就如同我剪断了这没织成的一匹绸子一样，是件废品。你不读书，怎么能长大成材呢！” 孟轲听了母亲的话，看着那剪断了的丝绸和伤心的妈妈，心里难过极了。他觉得母亲的话说得有理，自己确实不对，

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