人教版选择性必修第四册重点单词短语句型汇总
Unit 1 science fiction
Words and Phrases
1　superior adj. 更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的
[教材原句P6] In sci­fi stories，robots often become superior and take over.
在科幻小说中，机器人通常会变得更高级，并接管一切。
[例1]  You're a very superior young woman.
你是一个非常优秀的年轻女性。
[例2]　Team 1 was superior in number to Team 2.
第一组在数量上超过了第二组。
[造句]　这些新产品远远优于老产品。
The new products are far superior to the old ones.
[知识拓展]
superior to  　    比……更好；更胜一筹
be superior in      在……方面优越
be superior to      胜过；比……好；不为……所动/屈服
rise superior to      超越……；不为……所影响
2　conflict with与……冲突或抵触
[教材原句P7] A ROBOT MUST OBEY THE ORDERS GIVEN IT BY HUMAN BEINGS EXCEPT WHERE SUCH ORDERS WOULD CONFLICT WITH THE FIRST LAW.
机器人必须服从人类给它的命令，除非这种命令与第一定律相冲突。
[例1]  He held firm opinions which usually conflicted with mine.
他对自己的观点坚定不移，而这些观点通常和我的相冲突。
[例2]　The two reports of what had happened conflicted with each other.
关于发生的事情，两个报道截然不同。
[造句]　这次陈述与他们上个月的陈述相矛盾。
This statement conflicted with the one they made last month.
[知识拓展]
in conflict with         与……冲突/与……矛盾
come into conflict with      与……冲突/与……矛盾
3　turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
[教材原句P8] Night came as if a lamp was being turned out，and in another moment came the day.
黑夜来临了，仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭，又过了一会儿，白天来临了。
[例1]  The captain turned out the “no smoking” signs.
队长把“禁止吸烟”的标志牌都翻了过来。
[例2]  He said he was a doctor，but later he turned out to be a cheat.
他自称是个医生，结果证明他是个骗子。
[造句]　你离开教室时别忘了关灯。
Don't forget to turn out the light when you leave the classroom.
[知识拓展]
turn to         转向；求助于
turn in       上交
turn off       关掉
turn on       打开
turn down       关小；调低；拒绝
turn up      出现；到场；出席；出来；来到；
    调大(声音、火等)
4　fall away(逐渐)减少；消失
[教材原句P8] As my pace grew faster，the walls of the laboratory fell away，and I was left in the open air.
当我的速度加快时，实验室的墙壁消失了，我已经进入了旷野。
[例1]  I saw that the ground fell away and down to a river，far below me.
我看到地面陷落到河里面去了，在我脚下很深的地方。
[例2]  You'd scarcely believe anybody could fall away so rapidly.
你简直难以相信一个人会消瘦得这么快。
[造句]pines　他的老朋友全都离开了他。
All his old friends fell away from him.
[知识拓展]
fall apart        结束；分裂；解体；崩溃
fall back      后退；倒退
fall behind      落后(于对手)
fall down      表现不足(或有误)；失败
5　urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐
[教材原句P8] I had a strong urge to look at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes!
我有一种强烈的冲动去看那些在我眼前闪现的随机的东西。
[例1]  She urged me into going to see him immediately.
她劝我立即去看他。
[例2]  We all urged him to go ahead with his plan.
我们都鼓励他实施他的计划。
[造句]　你的进步会促进我们努力学习。
Your progress will urge us to work hard.
[知识拓展]
(1)urge sth./sb.on        催促某物/某人前进
do sth.      催促某人做某事
urge sb.into doing sth.      催促/力劝某人做某事
(should) ＋动词原形     催促；极力主张……
It is       坚决要求……；极力主张……
(2)have an urge to do sth.      有做某事的欲望/冲动
(3)urgent adj.      紧急的；紧迫的
6　test out 检验；测试
[教材原句P2] It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife，Claire.
这项试验将由拉里的夫人克莱尔来测试。
[例1]　Scientists test out theories by experiment.
科学家用实验来检验理论。
[例2]  I wanted to test out the television set before I bought it.
买电视机之前，我要把它好好检验一下。
[造句]　你已经检验过架子上的货物了吗？
Have you already tested out the goods on the shelf?
[知识拓展]
test sb.out        试用，试验，考验(某人)
test for      检验﹙成分等﹚；对人﹙或物﹚
    做……检测﹙或化验、测试等﹚
the test      使……经受考验；检验；试验