黄浦区2021学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试
英语试卷
II.Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions： After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically
correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other
blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Do Animals Dream?
You can't see your sleeping pefs bran waves, but its behavior can tell you when Fido or Fluffy might be dreaming.
If you watch clock you'll see that as your cat falls asleep, her breathing becomes slow and regular and her body still.
She has entered the first stage of sleep.    21    (call) slow-wave sleep. After about 15 minutes you'll notice a
change    22    her eyes move under her closed lids. Fluffy has entered the REM (Rapid Eye Movement), or
dreaming, stage of sleep. Although she moves and makes little grunting noises, messages from her brain to the large
muscles in her legs    23    (block), so she can't run about.
Back in 1963, Michel Jouvet, French scientist who was studying steep in cats    24    (interrupt) their
Sleep paralysis, the state of being unable to act or function properly.    25    they were completely
asleep, the dreaming cats began to chase balls that Jouvet couldn't see and bent their backs at invisible enemies. He
figures he was watching them act out their dreams!
What were they dreaming about? Mostly, the dreaming cats seemed    26    (practise) important cat skills:
stalking, pouncing, and fighting.
In    27    study, Mat Wilson, a neuroscientist, recorded rats' brain waves while they learned mazes (迷宫).
One day, he left the brain-wave-recording machine on while the rats fell asleep. The pattern of brain waves in the
sleeping rats matched the pattern from the maze so closely that Wilson could locate exactly which part of the maze
unableeach rat was dreaming about!
Many researchers now think that in both people and animals, one purpose of dreams is to practise important skills
and nail down recent learning. This may explain why so many people dream about fighting and escaping, skills
    28    were probably vitally important to our ancestors, and why dreaming affects our ability to learn.
Do all animals dream? From looking at the brain waves of sleeping animals, scientists think that all mammals
dream, such as humans, dogs, lions, and whales, but fish    29    not. (They're not sure about birds.)
How often animals dream seems to be tied to body size. Cats dream about every 15 minutes, mice every 9 minutes,
and elephants every 2 hours. And though cows and horses usually sleep standing up, they only dream when
    30    (lie) down.
Section B
Directions： Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note
that there is one word more than you need.
A. cultivate
B. reassuring
C. opposing
D. objective
E. confidence F. evidence
G. perceived
H. functioning
I. estimate
J. existing
K. scientism
Why Doubt Is Essential To Science
The confidence people place in science is frequently based not on what it really is, but on what people would like
it to be. When I asked students at the beginning of the year how they would define science, many of them replied
that it is a(n)    31    way of discovering certainties about the world. But science cannot pr
ovide certainties. For
example, a majority of Americans trust science as long as it does not challenge their    32    beliefs. To the
question “When science disagrees with the teachings of your religion, which one do you believe?" 58 percent of
North Americans favor religion; 33 percent science; and 6 percent say "it depends” .
But doubt in science is a feature, not a bug. Indeed, science, when properly    33    , questions accepted facts
and leads to both new knowledge and new questions——not certainty. Doubt does not    34    trust, nor does it help
public understanding. So why should people trust a process that seems to require a troublesome state of uncertainty
without always providing solid solutions?
As a historian of science, I would argue that it's the responsibility of scientists and historians of science to show
that the real power of science lies precisely in what is often    35    as its weakness: its drive to question and
challenge a possible explanation. Indeed, the scientific approach requires changing our understanding of the natural
world whenever new    36    emerges from either experimentation or observation. Scientific findings are
hypotheses that contain the state of knowledge at a given moment. In the long run, many of are challenged and even
overturned. Doubt might be troubling, but it stimulates us towards a better understanding, certainties, as    37