pxe是什么呢(What is PXE)
PXE是什么呢?
PXE(预启动执行环境)是由英特尔公司开发的最新技术,工作于客户端/服务器的网络模式,支持工作站通过网络从远端服务器下载映像,并由此支持来自网络的操作系统的启动过程,其启动过程中,终端要求服务器分配IP地址,再用TFTP(Trivial File Transfer Protocol)或mtftp(组播文件传输协议)协议下载一个启动软件包到本机内存中并执行,由这个启动软件包完成终端基本软件设置,从而引导预先安装在服务器中的终端操作系统。PXE可以引导多种操作系统,如:Windows 95 / 98 / 2000,Linux等。
PXE最直接的表现是,在网络环境下工作站可以省去硬盘,但又不是通常所说的无盘站的概念,因为使用该技术的PC在网络方式下的运行速度要比有盘PC倍以上。当然使用PXE的PC也不是传统意义上的终端终端,因为使用了PXE的PC并不消耗服务器的CPU、RAM等资源,故服务器的硬件要求极低。
PXE工作原理:
PXE(Preboot Execution Environment,远程引导技术)是RPL(远程初始程序加载,远程启动服务)的升级产品。它们的不同之处为:RPL是静态路由,PXE是动态路由。不难理解:RPL是根据网卡上的ID号加上其它的记录组成的一个帧向服务器发出请求,而服务器那里早已经有了这个ID数据,匹配成功
则进行远程启动;PXE则是根据服务器端收到的工作站MAC地址(就是网卡号),使用DHCP服务给这个MAC地址指定一个IP地址,每次重启动可能同一台工作站有与上次启动有不同的IP,即动态分配地址下面以工作站引导过程说明PXE。的原理:
1、工作站开机后,PXE BootROM(自启动芯片)获得控制权之前先做
自我测试,然后以广播形式发出一个请求到帧。
2、如果服务器收到工作站所送出的要求,就会送回DHCP回应,内容包括用户端的IP地址,预设通讯通道,及开机映像文件否则,服务
器会忽略这个要求。
3、工作站收到服务器发回的响应后则会回应一个帧,以请求传送启
动所需文件。
4、之后,将有更多的讯息在工作站与服务器之间作应答,用以决定
dos属于什么软件启动参数bootrom由TFTP通讯协议从服务器下载开机映像档,这个
映像档就是软盘的映象文件。
5、工作站使用TFTP协议接收启动文件后,将控制权转交启动块,引导操作系统,完成远程启动。
PXE常见问题:
1、开机时,出现一个”性能警告”,内容为:计算机可能有病毒,
计算机的主引导记录已修改,是否参阅有关此问题的相关信息?选择”否”后进入系统,能正常使用。怎样去掉这个提示?
答:有两种方法:1)只要把usercmd。蝙蝠中的qrestall命令前的REM去掉即可。
2)启动一台无盘工作站,例如P01,用”控制面板”将硬盘控制器
删除,然后在服务器端将P01目录下的系统。DAT复制到目录下此时所有工作站便不会出现病毒警告了窗口。
2、工作站启动过程中出现以下错误提示:
错误(目标文件):permisino否认之后,死机。
答:该工作站对自己的目录无”完全控制”权限。可以在服务器上用”域用户管理器”将此目录的完全控制权限附给该工作站用户。
3. The following errors are prompted when the workstation starts:
PXE-E61:Media test failure, check cable
Crash after PXE-M0F:Exiting PXE ROM.
Answer: cable broken or HUB problems.
4. The workstation starts up Times wrong, can not get IP address.
Answer: server DHCP configuration error or presence of other DHCH in network (example WINGATE or DHCP provided by SYGATE). Disable WINGATE or SYGATE DHCP services.
5. The workstation starts up Times wrong, can not get the boot image package.
Answer: the server's MTFTP service does not run. If the server is started from the proposed workstation, the server will not run automatically at startup MTFTP, you must manually, the method is:
click on the "start" - > "program" - > "PXE PDK" - > "PXD PDK Configuration" Program open PXE configuration interface, right-click the PXE server name, select Star/ In M/tftp service, click the "Start" button.
6, the workstation starts to
Requesting more
Downloading DOS boot Time crash.
A: the error occurred when the workstation started the mapping:
1) CMOS problem, because the different motherboard settings are not the same, so set the item is also different. Generally, there is a problem with the setup of the time parameter. In the case of CONFIGURATION BIOS in AWORD PNP/PCI, the PCI Master 0 WS Write of some workstations is set to Eanble, the fault will appear.
2) network cable problem, because the network transmission speed is 100M, the network wiring should follow the 586A or 586B standard. The correct alignment of the net lines is orange, white, orange, green, white, blue, blue, white, green, brown, white and brown.
7. The following error occurs when the workstation starts to the last step:
*******SHELL*******
File KRNI386.EXE The Path was not found
Answer: divided into two situations:
1) the above tips will appear after the upload is started for the first time, then there is no problem in the installation process, such as a ban or windos98 version second will not adjusted etc..
2) if the upload workstation is normal, and other workstations out of the above prompts, may be the motherboard and upload workstations are not the same, or its COMS settings are not the same.
8, after the normal start of the workstation, after two minutes or so, there is "false crash" phenomenon.
Answer: the so-called "false crash" phenomenon is: the system is busy, at this time the mouse dynamic, but not open any window, and after four or five minutes, everything is normal. This is generally a registry problem, the simple solution is: when the installation is not selected "file and printer sharing."".
9, there is insufficient memory when running larger software.
Answer: not set up virtual memory, modify the corresponding file, add some virtual memory.
10, in the boot no disk 98, the real mode can not connect to the server, performance in the implementation of STARTNET.BAT QUALCNX.EXE or crash or error
Answer: some necessary files for real mode networking such as NET.EXE, PROTMAN.DOS, PROTMAN.EXE, SNAPSHOT.EXE, and NDISHLP.SYS are either incomplete or not replaced by English