slow up和slow down是同义词还是反义词_用法辨析
一、先测测你是否会想当然
1. 请先观察以下短语,这几组短语至少在表示某一意思时它们是反义词:
(1) up 与 down 是一对反义词,前者表示向上,后者表示向下。如:
He continued to jump up and down like a boy at a football match. 他不停地上蹿下跳,活像个足球赛中的男孩。
Aircraft can avoid each other by going up and down, as well as by altering course to left or right. 飞机可以通过上下升降和左右移动改变航线来避免相撞。
(2) upstairs 与output的反义词 downstairs是一对反义词,前者表示楼上,后者表示楼下。如:
The bedrooms are upstairs and the dining-room is downstairs. 寝室在楼上,餐厅在楼下。
(3) go up 与 go down 是一对反义词,前者表示上升,后者表示下降。如:
The incomes of skilled workers went up. Meanwhile, unskilled workers saw their earnings go down. 熟练工的收入上升了,而与此同时,不熟练工发现他们的收入下降了。
(4) turn up 与 turn down 是一对反义词,前者表示开大音量,后者表示关小音量。如:
The baby fell asleep, so I asked him to turn the TV down, but a few minutes later he turned it up again. 宝宝睡着了,所以我叫他把电视机音量调小些,但是没过几分钟他又把音量调大了。
▲请从所给的四个选项中选择一个最佳答案填空:
slow up 与 slow down 是一对 ________。
A. 同义词 B. 反义词 C. 无关词 D. 互补词
【测试结果】如果你选择的答案是反义词,你就错了,正确答案是填同义词。尽管up和down是一对反义词,并且确实也有不少含有up和down的短语也是反义词,但是,slow up和slow down却是一对同义词。
二、相关词和短语的用法说明
slow up和slow down均表示变缓变慢减速等,从使用的广泛性来看,slow down比slow up用得更多、更广泛。两者的具体用法如下:
1. 表示(使)慢下来(使)减速
(1) slow down的用例:
I put on the brakes and slowed the car down. 我踩下刹车降低车速。
The train slowed down as it went around the bend. 火车在转弯处减速了。
She slowed down her pace so I could keep up with her. 她放慢脚步好让我跟上她。
The train slowed down to a crawl as it approached the station. 火车进站时慢了下来。
You see drivers speeding up when they should be slowing down. 你可以看到有些司机在
应该减速时却加速。
(2) slow up的用例:
The bus slowed up as it approached the junction. 公共汽车在驶近交叉路口时放慢了速度。
The roadworks are slowing the traffic up in the mornings. 道路施工使早上的交通迟缓下来。
2. 表示(使某人)松弛(使发展)减缓
(1) slow down的用例:
The economy has slowed down. 经济放缓了。
He looks ill, and he should slow down. 他看上去不太舒服,应该放松一下。
(2) slow up的用例:
Output has slowed (up) a little. 生产已放慢了一点。
They claim they can slow up the ageing process. 他们声称能够减缓老化的速度。
三、用法联想与拓展
跟slow down与slow up用法类似的还有close up与close down。但close up与close down在表示关闭时,只是意义相近,并不完全相同:close down表示公司或商店等永久性关闭(即倒闭),而close up则表示公司或商店等临时性关闭(如歇业打烊)。如:
The factory closed down ten years ago. 这家工厂10 年前就倒闭了。
All the shops had closed up for the night. 深夜所有的商店都已经打烊了。
有些含有up和down的相似短语,既不是同义词或近义词,也不是反义词,它们各自有各自的意思和用法。如:
back up(验证;支持;备份;倒车;后退)
back down(认错;认输;退让)
bring up(养育;教养;提出)
bring down(使落下;打倒;降低;减少)
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