Unit 8 Hospitality and Tourism酒店业与旅游业
Text A  The Changing Hospitality Industry
One of the fastest growing sectors of the economy of our time is the hospitality industry. The industry encompasses a very broad and extensive category of fields. This includes, among others, accommodation (hotels), food and beverage (bars and restaurants), meeting and events (conventions and exhibits), gaming (casinos), entertainment and recreation (concerts, theaters, amusement and theme parks) and tourism services (tourist spots or places of interest). 
The hospitality industry also includes tourism support commercial activities like airline cabin staff and travel agents. Travel technology like applied information technology (IT) and its workers in hospitality, travel and tourism are included in the hospitality industry. Some of the major types of hospitality industry are listed below:
Hotels
A hotel is an establishment that renders lodging in lieu of payment. This lodging is usually given in exchange for a specified predetermined amount of money. Modern hotel rooms come equipped with climate control and attached bathrooms. Higher end hotels offer guests internet connectivity within rooms and also throughout the premises. A combination of meals and accommodation comes as a package in most hospitality establishments. Hotels are usually managed by professionally qualified managers. Junior workers usually maintain the hotel. Functions like cooking is usually done by professionally trained chefs.
Hotel operations vary in size, function, and cost. Conference and resort hotels are hotel which often contain full-sized luxury facilities with full-service accommodations and amenities. These hotels may attract both business conferences and vacationing tourists and offer more than a convenient place to stay. Examples may include: InterContinental Hotels, Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts, JW Marriott Hotels, Starwood-Westin Hotels, Hilton, Marriott, and Hyatt. More hotel types are boutique hotels, motels and hostels.
Nightclubs
Nightclubs are entertainment venues where dancing is accompanied by light snacks and drinking. Apart from service personnel like waiters and cooks, nightclubs employ disc jockeys (DJs) and stand up comedians as part its varied attractions.
Restaurants
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Restaurant often specialize in certain types of food or present a certain unifying, and often entertaining, theme. For example, there are seafood restaurants, vegetarian restaurant or ethnic restaurants. Generally speaking, restaurant selling food characteristic of the local culture are simply called restaurants, while restaurants selling food of foreign cultural origin may be called ethnic restaurants.
The modern customer has become more dynamic than ever by developing expectations built around personal needs refined from performing significant amounts of research prior to travel. Further, globalization is creating growth markets, influencing the hospitality map, and is a recent development that will need to be capitalized on. Professionals must be able to effectively adapt to these changes by closely monitoring consumer behavior to ma
intain effectiveness in guest services as new segments financial clout and unique discrepancies of needs will expand the volume of the global marketplace.
E-hospitality
E-commerce has influenced the hospitality industry to create and develop its own form of electronic commerce. E-hospitality is an innovative service known as” total solutions” where they are distributing, servicing, and supporting hospitality products to all sizes of organizations in the industry to offer more amenities and support services to potential guests. Hotels, for example, are now using this resource to improve availability to accommodate the needs of guests around the clock. To be skilled in ever-changing commerce technology, formal on-the-job training must transpire. Some of the most prominent benefits service convenience, and a competitive advantage in the market.
For example, e-booking is largely employed in hospitality industry. It has been reported that the online booking in the hospitality industry (including hotel/motel, airlines, travel packages, etc.) is increasing at a very rapid speed. With the flourishing of hospitality web
sites, which include e-booking, many customers purchase their travel and hospitality products on-line.

Text A酒店业的变化
在我们的时代里，经济行业中增长最快的其中一个行业就是酒店与旅游业。在这个领域和范围内包含和涉及的领域非常广泛。其中包括，除其他外，住宿（酒店），食品和饮料（酒吧和餐馆），会议和活动（会议和展览），游戏（），娱乐（音乐会，电影院，娱乐和主题公园）和旅游服务（旅游景点和名胜古迹）。
酒店与旅游业，还包括旅游业所支持的商业活动如乘务人员和旅行社。旅行技术例如应用信息技术（IT）及其酒店业工作人员，旅行和旅游业包含在酒店业内。一些酒店业的主要类型如下：
酒店
酒店是一种提出用住宿来代替支付的建立。这种出租的房间通常用指定的预先决定的钱来
支付。摩登酒店的房间都配有气候控制和附加的浴室。高端酒店为客人提供互联网连接在房间和整个住所中。饮食和住宿的结合作为一种捆绑出现在大多数的酒店业里。酒店通常由专业资质的经理来管理。年轻的工人一般维持和保养着酒店。烹饪这些职务通常由专业的大厨来完成。
酒店操作根据规模，功能和花费方面做变化。商务与度假酒店常配备有全套奢华设备和全套服务的住所与设施。这种酒店通常不仅吸引商务旅客还吸引观光游客，为旅客提供了舒适的环境居住。这些酒店包括：洲际酒店，四季酒店和度假村，JW万豪酒店，喜达屋威斯汀酒店，希尔顿，万豪酒店，凯悦和更多类型的精品酒店，汽车旅馆和招待所。
夜总会
夜总会是可供小酌，享用零食和跳舞的娱乐聚集地。除了服务员和厨师等服务工作者，夜总会还雇佣了DJ和站立的喜剧演员作为不断变化的引人之处。
饭店
饭店通常专供特定的菜系或呈现特定的统一并且一般是有趣的或有主题的。例如，有海鲜
饭店，素菜馆和民族饭店。通常来说，卖当地特食物的饭店被称为饭店，而卖其他地区特食物的饭店被称作民族饭店。
当代的顾客比以前的顾客更精力充沛是因为他们在旅行前做了更精确的适合个人需求的对旅行计划的研究 。另外，全球化创造了市场的增长，影响了酒店业的地图，是近期发展所需要被利用的。专业人员必须要能够有效地适应这些变化和密切监测消费者行为，保持在宾客服务有效性的新阶段的金融影响力和通过独特的差异来扩大全球市场容量。