“解题达人”备战高考语法之形容词副词考点
内容 | |
板块一 | 基础知识解析 |
板块二 | 单句语法填空 |
板块三 | 篇章语法填空 |
一：基础知识解析
1：考向归纳
考查在语篇型填空和短文改错中的形容词和副词的句法功能；对形容词和副词的词性转换也是近几年高考考查的重点之一；形容词和副词的比较级也是考查重点。预计2023年高考将会更加注重形容词和副词的句法功能， 也会侧重于对形容词和副词的词性转换的考查，另外形容词和副词的比较级也是重点。
1. 掌握形容词和副词的句法功能；
2. 掌握形容词和副词的词性转换基本规律；
3. 掌握在形容词和副词的比较级及其固定句型。
2：知识详解
1：形容词和副词的基本用法
形容 词的 基本 用法 | 形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。 | Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people flexible options to exercise.不像传统的健身房,应用程序支持的健身房为人们提供了灵活的锻炼选择。 | |
形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等,其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。 | Light-hearted and optimistic, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.她无忧无虑、积极乐观,是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。 | ||
特别 提醒 | 以-ly结尾的形容词常见的有:friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly 等。 | ||
副词 的基 本用 法 | 副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。 | (2019天津卷)A dog's eating habit requires regular training before it is properly established.狗的饮食习惯在正确地养成之前需要定期训练。 | |
常考的连接副词:though“然而,可是”(用于句末);meanwhile“在此期间”;therefore/thus/consequently“因此,所以”;moreover/furthermore“此外”;besides“另外,还有”;however“然而”;instead“相反,代替”;anyway/anyhow“尽管,即使这样”;otherwise“否则”。 | |||
特别 提醒 | 有些副词,如fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally, thankfully往往修饰整个句子,而且它们常位于句首,用逗号与后面的句子分开。 Thankfully, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.谢天谢地,我终于打完比赛了,所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。 | ||
2.比较级和最高级的构成规则
规 则 变 化 | 词形分类及变化构成 | 原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 | |
单音 节词 和少 数双 音节 词 | 一般加-er或-est | tall long | taller longer | tallest longest | |
以-e结尾的, 只加-r或-st | nice fine | nicer finer | nicest finest | ||
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的,先双写该辅音字母再加-er 或 -est | big hot fat | bigger hotter fatter | biggest hottest fattest | ||
以辅音字母+y结尾的,先变y为i再加-er或-est | happy easy | happier easier | happiest easiest | ||
多音 节词 | 在前面加more或most | difficult beautiful | more difficult more beautiful | most difficult most beautiful | |
不 规 则 变 化 | 原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 | ||
good/well | better | best | |||
bad/ill | worse | worst | |||
many/much | more | most | |||
old | older/elder | oldest/eldest | |||
little | less | least | |||
far | farther(具体) | farthest(具体) | |||
further(抽象) | furthest(抽象) | ||||
3.比较等级的用法
同级 比较 | as+adj./adv.(形)+as...“和……一样……”;not as/so+adj./ adv.(形)+as...“不如……” | Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue.虽然我和以前一样努力工作,但我没有感到疲劳。 | ||
当as...as结构中有名词时,可用以下结构: as+形容词原级+a(n)+可数名词单数+as... as+many+可数名词复数+as... as+much+不可数名词+as... | I'm not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as tiring a day as today.今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我很累,我从来没有像今天这样累过。 | |||
比 较 级 | “形容词/副词比较级+than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less+形容词/副词原级+than”结构,表示“一方不及另一方……”。 | (2018课标全国卷Ⅱ)Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.研究发现早起锻炼的人要比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。 | ||
特别 提醒 | 修饰比较等级的副词有:much, even, still, far, a little, a lot, rather 等。more, very等副词不可修饰比较级。 | |||
最 高 级 | 表示三者或三者以上的比较,常见的结构:“the+最高级+表示比较范围的短语或从句”,表示“……中最……的”。 | Andy is content with the toy. It is the best he has ever got.安迪很满意这个玩具。这是他得到过的最好的玩具。 | ||
one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数 | Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country.上海是我国最大的城市之一。 | |||
the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词 | Africa is the second largest continent in the world.非洲是世界上第二大洲。 | |||
最高 级的 其他 表达 | a.否定词+比较级 b.比较级+than+any other+单数可数名词 c.比较级+than+all the other+复数可数名词 d.比较级+than+any of the other+复数可数名词 e.比较级+than anything/anyone else | Your story is perfect;I've never heard a better one before. 你的故事太完美了,我以前从来没有听过比这更好听的 故事。 The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China. 长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。 | ||
含有比较级的特殊用法 | ①“the+比较级...,the+比较级...” “越……,(就)越……” ②“比较级+and+比较级”“越来越……” ③“the+比较级+of the two+名词复数”“两者中较……的那个” ④no more than“仅仅”;not more than“至多;不超过” ⑤“与其说……不如说……” ⑥no+比较级+than “和……一样不……” ⑦not+比较级+than “不比……更……” ⑧倍数句型 a.倍数+比较级+than b.倍数+as+形容词或副词原级+as c.倍数+the+名词(size, length, height等)+of | |||
4.名词、动词转换为形容词
后缀 | 例词 |
-able | accept→acceptable可接受的 comfort→comfortable舒适的 fashion→fashionable时髦的 suit→suitable合适的 reason→reasonable合理的 |
-al | music→musical音乐的 origin→original最初的 person→personal个人的;私人的 centre→central中央的;中心的 nature→natural自然的;天生的 |
-ful | doubt→doubtful怀疑的 forget→forgetful健忘的 harm→harmful有害的 hope→hopeful有希望的 peace→peaceful和平的 |
-ed | scare→scared感到恐惧的 confuse→confused感到困惑的 underline→underlined加下划线的 |
-ing | surprise→surprising令人惊异的 convince→convincing令人信服的 satisfy→satisfying令人满意的 |
-ible | sort of后面接什么access→accessible可到达的 horror→horrible可怕的;恐怖的 terror→terrible可怕的 |
-ive | act→active积极的;活跃的 effect→effective有效的;生效的 attract→attractive有吸引力的 impress→impressive给人深刻印象的 |
-ous | continue→continuous不断的;持续的 anxiety→anxious忧虑的 caution→cautious小心的;谨慎的 curiosity→curious好奇的 humor→humorous幽默的 |
-some | tire→tiresome令人厌烦的 trouble→troublesome麻烦的 |
-y | taste→tasty美味的;可口的 health→healthy健康的 wealth→wealthy富裕的;丰富的 |
-ern | east→eastern东方的;向东的 |
-ish | child→childish孩子气的 fool→foolish愚蠢的;可笑的 self→selfish自私的 |
5.形容词转换为副词
类别 | 例词 |
直接加-ly | clear→clearly清楚地 great→greatly很,大大地 |
以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词,变y为i再加-ly | happy→happily高兴地 heavy→heavily沉重地 |
词尾为ble/le的形容词,去掉e,再加-y | terrible→terribly可怕地;极度地 gentle→gently轻轻地 |
词尾为ue的形容词,去掉e再加-ly | true→truly真实地 |
词尾为ll的形容词,直接加-y | full→fully充分地;完全地 dull→dully迟钝地 |
词尾为-ic的形容词,加-ally | basic→basically主要地,基本上 scientific→scientifically合乎科学地 |
二：单句语法填空
1.Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices. (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.
2.One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their (fine) work.
3.In the 18th and 19th centuries, (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.
4.According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years (long) than non-runners.
5.The bridge's engineers had to consider many environmental factors to protect the (surround) environment while building the bridge.
6.The Central London Railway was one of the most (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.
7.If you don't mind the (slight) lower temperatures than other beach destinations in Europe, you are in for a real treat!
8.A few years ago, I interviewed Zhang Xing, a young man from a (deep) poor agricultural province in central China.
9.The satellites entered a Medium Earth orbit (safe) more than three hours later and will work with 17 other BDS-3 satellites already in space.
10.After 52 years of waiting, Senegal has finally opened what has been described as the (large) museum of black civilization in the capital, Dakar.
11. The committee is discussing the problem right now. It will (hopeful) have been solved by the end of next week.
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