题型突破(六)　推理判断之观点态度和写作意图题
                  　A
(2017·扬州、泰州、南通、淮安、宿迁、徐州六市二调)
There are endless motivations for human behaviour，from the basic drives for food to more complicated ones，such as sympathy，envy and anger.But none of these explain behaviours that we call compulsions(强迫症)．They come from a need that is desperate and tortured(折磨)．They may bring relief，but they bring little enjoyment，and while one part of our brain desperately wishes to stop them，another is afraid of stopping.
I used to view compulsions as foreign and almost frightening.But in the course of my research，two things happened.First，when I got to know people who were compulsive，their behaviour didn’t seem unreasonable at all.Second，I realized that although people with the most extreme compulsions seem like outliers(另类人)，the anxiety that drives them to those extremes is universal.
Over any year，many of us find ourselves in the control of a compulsion that falls short of something that is disabling enough to qualify as a mental disorder—in fact，some compulsions are adaptive，helping us lead our lives or perform our jobs more effectively.
Like many people，maybe you feel forced to reach for your smart phone as soon as you wake up in the morning.Fortunately a growing number of experts have begun to succeed in distinguishing addictions from compulsions.
An addiction begins with a flash of pleasure accompanied with danger; it’s fun to gamble or to drink，and it also puts you at risk.Addictions involve acting without planning or even thought，driven by an urge for immediate satisfaction.Compulsions，react within contrast，are all about avoiding unpleasant outcomes.They are behaviours we repeat many times to relieve the anxiety brought on by the possibility of negative consequences.But the actual behaviour is often unpleasant—or at least not particularly rewarding，especially after many rounds of it.
Behind every compulsion is the need to avoid what causes you pain or anxiety.Compulsive
behaviour is not necessarily a mental disorder.Some forms of it can be，and people in its control deserve to be diagnosed and helped.But many are expressions of psychological needs we all feel：to be at peace and in control，to feel connected and to matter.And if those are mental illnesses，we’re all crazy.
语篇解读　本文讲述了作者通过研究，对强迫症产生了新的理解并把它与上瘾症进行了对比。
1．From the first two paragraphs，we know that         .
A．compulsions can bring relief as well as enjoyment
B．compulsive people will prefer unreasonable behaviour
C．compulsions may be an understandable response to anxiety
D．compulsive people must be frightening and behave differently
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Second，I realized that although people with the most extreme compulsions seem like outliers(另类人)，the anxiety that drives them to those extremes is universal.”可知，强迫症可能是焦虑的一种可以理解的反应。故选项C正确。
2．The main difference between addictions and compulsions lies in         .
A．human relationships      B．financial rewards
C．internal drives      D．social expectations
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第五段的前四句可知，上瘾症和强迫症的主要区别在于内驱力。故选项C符合题意。
3．What’s the author’s attitude towards compulsion?
A．Objective.      B．Negative.
C．Doubtful.      D．Cautious.
答案　A
解析　观点态度题。综合全文尤其是最后一段的第一、二句及最后一句可知，作者对于强迫症的态度是客观的。故选项A符合题意。
B
(2017·苏锡常镇四市一模)
  ①  On a field roughly the size of an American football field，a player wearing a helmet avoids a defender.He then swings a stick with a net on its end toward the goal.This sweeping motion sends a rubber ball flying from the net past a goalkeeper for a score.
  ②  The player—pumping his fists in celebration—has just scored a goal in lacrosse，a sport that has elements of hockey，soccer and American football.But lacrosse differs from those sports in its unique mixture of stick­handling skills and physical contact.Often referred
to as “the fastest game on two feet”，lacrosse is such an exciting sport that new fans and players quickly find themselves hooked.
In men’s lacrosse，two teams of 10 players compete over four periods lasting 15 minutes each.Except the goalkeeper，each team fields three attackmen，three mid­fielders and three defensemen.As in soccer，players cannot touch the ball with their hands.So players use their stick，called a crosse，to keep the ball in play.While running across the field，they cradle the ball in the net，competing to shoot a lacrosse ball into the opposing team’s gate.
The modern game of lacrosse originated from the long­stick game played by the Iroquois(易洛魁人)．Mohawks，part of the Iroquois nation，taught the game to French Canadians in Montreal in 1750.This led to a series of contests between the Iroquois and the Canadians with the Iroquois winning 17 years in a row.Although they lost the games，the Canadian players never falter(犹豫) in their love of the game.  ③