备战2021年中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练
热点05 疫苗的作用及其研发等
一、阅读理解
1
Scientists around the world are racing to create and test vaccines（疫苗）to help protect people against the novel coronavirus（新冠病毒）. They are making progress, but it will be quite a while before any vaccines are ready.
There are many different ways to make vaccines. At least 115 different vaccines for the novel coronavirus are being developed around the world right now. Many of them may not work or may have side effects that can be dangerous. That is why testing is very important.
Before a vaccine is ever tested on humans, it's first tested on animals to make sure it seems safe. Testing the vaccine on humans is done in several different phases（阶段）. In Phase 1,
a small group of people are given small amounts of the vaccine to see if it has any bad effects. Phase 2 still tests the vaccine’s safety, but it's mainly a test to see if the vaccine seems to work, If Phase 2 goes well, the vaccine can begin Phase 3. During Phase 3, the vaccine is tried on a much larger group of people to see how well it works.
Because of the serious and worldwide impact（影响）of the novel coronavirus, there is huge pressure to develop a working vaccine quickly. It normally takes seven or more years to develop a safe vaccine that works well. Now drug companies are hoping to create working vaccines in 12 or 18 months.
But health experts also warn that rushing too much could be dangerous. A vaccine with harmful effects could cause more problems than it solves.
1. According to the passage, the scientists who are making vaccines are ____________.
A. hard-working and careful    B. patient and easy-going    C. kind and curious    D. caring and brave
2. How long does it take to create working vaccines in the usual way?
A. Less than six years.    B. More than ten years.
C. Twelve to eighteen months.    D. About seven years.
3. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. There are only three phases in testing vaccines.
B. Working vaccines must be created in a short time.
C. Vaccines have already been developed.
D. Rushing too quickly in creating vaccines may bring more problems.
4. What's the best title of the passage?
A. Rush for a Vaccine    B. Fight against the Disease
C. Protect People against the Virus    D. Create Working Vaccines
2
It is a cold and dry winter morning. When you wake up， you feel that your throat hurts. You begin to sneeze and later you may cough. You must have a cold! Wait a moment. Could it just be a common cold or the flu (流感) that’s been going around?
A cold gives you a runny nose and cough. But it’s usually easy to deal with. Some take medicine while others drink herbal tea or chicken soup. Usually you feel better after a week.
On the other hand， the flu can be much more dangerous. It usually gives you fever. Sometimes it can cause death. According to an American magazine， the worst flu killed about 50 million people from 1918 to 1919.
Don’t worry. If you get a flu vaccine(疫苗)， it can stop you from getting the virus. Flu vaccines work by giving the body a small number of flu viruses. This causes your body to develop antibodies (抗体). So next time you get the flu， the antibodies should help you.
The flu virus changes every few years. Therefore， there are so many types of flu， such as HINI and H5Nl. The antibodies for one type of flu can’t help us against all types of flu. That’s why we need to get the vaccine every year.
However， good health habits may also help stop you developing a cold or flu. Washing your hands often helps stop you from getting viruses. It is also important to get regular exercise and eat healthy food. All these can help you strengthen your immune system（增强免疫系统）.
5. If you have a common cold， usually you’ll feel better after       .
A. a week        B. two weeks
C. ten days      D. twenty days
6. According to the passage， which is True of the flu?
A. It first happened in l919.
B. It usually doesn’t give you fever.
C. It is easy to deal with.
D. It can kill people sometimes.
7. We need to get a flu vaccine every year because       .
A. we probably have a cold in winter
B. the flu virus changes every few years
C. the flu is very dangerous
D. you don’t need to take any medicine after that
8. The following ways can help stop the flu EXCEPT       .
A. staying indoors
B. getting regular exercise
C. eating healthy food
D. washing our hands often
3
Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus began in Wuhan in Dec 2019, China has mobilized (调动) the power of the whole country. Now, epidemic (疫情) control and prevention  efforts are starting to take effect.
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