高考英语备考：主题语境---天气与自然灾害
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
The populations of common animals are just as likely to rise or fall in number in a time of accelerating global warming as those of rare species， a study suggests.
Until recently， scientists were still accumulating data on how animal populations were shifting over time globally across the different regions of the planet.
Making use of the newly available data， a team of University of Edinburgh researchers studied nearly 10，000 animal populations reco?rded in the Living Planet Database between 1970 and 2014 to provide a new perspective on animal population change. These include records of mammals， reptiles， sharks， fish， birds and amphibians.
The team found that 15 percent of all populations declined during the period， while 18 percent increased and 67 percent showed no significant change. Amphibians were the only group in which population sizes declined， while birds， mammals and reptiles experienced i
ncreases. “The overall decline in amphibians makes them a priority in conservation efforts，”researchers say， “as their loss could have knock?on effects in food chains and wider ecosystems.”
Gergana Daskalova， of the University of Edinburghs School of GeoSciences， who led the study， said， “We often assume that declines in animal numbers are prevalent everywhere. But we found that there are also many species which have increased over the last half of a century， such as those which do well in human?
transformed landscapes or those which are the focus of conservation actions.”
Dr Isla Myers?Smith， also of the School of GeoSciences， who co?authored the study， said， “Only as we bring together data from around the world， can we begin to really understand how global change is influencing the biodiversity of our planet.”
1. With the global temperature rising， what happens to the animals？
A. Rare animal species tend to decline.
B. Common animal species tend to increase.
C. Global warming is accelerating with the loss of animal species.
D. The populations of common animals ch?ange just like rare ones.
2. How did the researchers carry out the study？
A. By analyzing existing information.
B. By studying animals behavior.
C. By comparing different studies.
D. By recording the data of animals.
3. What does the underlined word “prevalent” in paragraph 5 mean？
A. Sharp. B. Common.
C. Steady. D. Relative.
reported
4. What is Dr Isla Myers?Smiths attitude toward the study？
A. Objective. B. Optimistic.
C. Subjective. D. Pessimistic.
Ⅱ. 补全信息
Last year in a cross?country race in Sanqing Mountain， Gentian left everybody far behind， but unexpectedly he felt a sharp pain and saw that there were teeth marks and blood on his calf （小腿肚）.1But he didnt know that it was a poisonous snake called “five?step snake” in Chinese that bit him.
Deep in the mountain， with no phone， Gentian kept running with the injury on his leg for 15 minutes and finally met a local farmer.2
He happened to know about herbs and medi?cine. Immediately， he used some herbal medi?cine to deal with it. Later， the organizing committees ambulance rushed him to the local hospital.
What should you do if you encounter a snake while you are outside？ Remember： first of all， do not excite it. Data show that people who excite snakes are easily bitten.3Second， avoid the places where snakes like to stay. Snakes like to sunbathe during the day， and usually stay on gravel and cliff edges. Third， if you happen to see a snake crossing through the road， you must stop and wait for it to pass.
4First， sit down and try to avoid the acceleration （加速） of blood circulation. Then tie the limb 10?30 cm above the wound with a strong rope， and make a cut about 1 cm above the wound. The cut should be 1?2 cm wide， and then you squeeze blood from top to bottom. Generally， snake bites occur at the ankle.5
Furthermore， be sure to call the ambulance as soon as possible.
A. He sensed that his situation was not good.
B. Then what to do if youre bitten by a snake？
C. So staying still can prevent you from meeting a snake.
D. He thought his high?end shoes could protect against the snake.
E. However， those who run immediately are less likely to be bitten.
F. In this case bending the knee to reduce the flow of blood can be helpful.
G. Despite the language barrier， he understood what had happened.
Ⅲ. 语法填空
The worlds oceans reached their hottest level in recorded history last year， supercharging（加剧） extreme weather events， scientists have reported. They found that the five hottest recorded years 1. _______ （occur） since 2015， and that the rate of heating since 1986 was eight times higher than 2. _______from 1960?1985. Oceans cover 71% of the planet and water can absorb thousands of times more heat than air， 3._______is why 93% of global heating is taken up by seas.