2020届高三语法专题复习一：定语从句
Ⅰ.定语从句中关系词的选定：
方法：确定先行词，并根据它在从句中所充当的成份来选择关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose 或关系副词when,where,why如：
(1)The exact year that/which Angela and her family spent together in Paris was2010.
(2)I am looking forward to the day when my son can understand my affection for him.
(3)Maria settled down in Paris in1998,where three years later,she received her doctor’s degree.
(1)Is this factory D you visited last Friday?
(2)Is this the factory A you visited last Friday?
(3)Is this factory C/B you spent your last summer holidays?
小提示：将疑问句转换为陈述句后再完成句子。
句型转变：
This is the house whose window broke last night.
=This is the house the window of which broke last night.
=This is the house of which the window broke last night.
对比填空：
(1)No drug is free from risk,of which some might be rather serious or even deadly.
(2)Last March,a nuclear disaster broke out in Japan,whose shadow was cast over policy.
(3)On hearing the adjustment of educational policies,many netizens put up posts,78%of which conveyed the message of approval.
注意：
1.当先行词为way在从句中做状语时，引导定语从句的关系词可以有三种形式：/;in which;that.
2.当先行词为time(次数)并在从句中作状语，引导定语从句的关系词用that(可省略).
3.引导定语从句的关系代词who,that,which在从句中作主语时，绝不能省略.
4.当定语从句中先行词为case,point,atmosphere,situation,scene,activity,etc且在从句中充当状语，关系副词多用where；而先行词为occasion,times（时候），period,stay,etc则多用when.
【题组训练】
1.I do n’t like the way that/in which/he treats his parents.
2.This is the second time that I have been here.
3.Young adults realize what they learnt from the book can’t handle situations that/which appear in reality.
4.We are living in an age when many things are done on computer.
5.I can think of many cases that/which you know nothing about.
6.There are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives.
7.We’re just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.
8.I have few occasions when I can stay with my wife and children.
Ⅱ.关系代词that和which的用法
1.限制性定语从句中，只用that不用which的情况：
(1)先行词为不定代词anything,something,everything,nothing,the one,all,much,little等。
①I am sure she has something(that)you can borrow.
②I’ve read all the books that are not mine.
(2）当先行词前面有the only,the very,any,few,little,no,all等词修饰时。
This is the very book that belongs to him.
(3)先行词为序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词、形容词最高级所修饰时。
①When we talk about Wuxi,the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.
②The most important thing that should be done now is how to stop him from going on.
(4）先行词既指人，又指物时。
I really miss the girl and her garden(that)I saw the other day.
(5）当先行词在主句中作表语，关系代词在从句中也作表语时。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
(6)当主句的主语为who或which时或有两个定语从句其中一个用which另一个则用that。
①Who is the boy that won the gold medal?
②They secretly built up a small factory,which produced things that could cause pollution.
2.定语从句中不用that的情况：
(1)that不能引导非限定性定语从句。
(2)介词提前时，关系代词不用that。
【题组训练】
(1)They secretly built up a small factory which produced things that could cause pollution.
(2)The birds tried to find as many materials as possible with which to build their nests.
(3)They’ve won their last three matches,D I find a bit surprising
A.that
B.when
C.what
D.which
III.关系代词as和which在非限制性定语从句的运用：
1.as引导的定语从句可置于主句前或后；而which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后。
2.as引导非限制性定语从句时，常含有“正如”的含义，而which没有。
(1)The weather turned out to be very good,which was more than we had expected.
(2)Whenever I met her,which was fairly often,she greeted me with a smile.
(3)As he puts it,everything is possible if we keep on.如他所言，只要我们坚持下去，一切皆有可能。
3.as多用于习惯用语，常接被动态如：as is known to all,as has been said before,as is reported,as is expected,as is often the case,as was pointed out等。
He shouts when he gets angry,as is often the case.他生气时就大叫，这是常有的情形。
注意：
◆几种句型的转换
As is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth.
=The moon travels round the earth,as/which is known to everybody.
=It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth.
=What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth.
◆当先行词被the same所修饰时，关系词既可以用as（表同一类型）；也可以用that（表同一事物）。
1.She wants to buy the same bike as my classmate lent me yesterday.
2.This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.
◆当先行词被such,so修饰时，关系词应当用as；
而so...;引导结果状语从句（如此......以致......）
1.The Disneyland is such an interesting place that every child wishes to go there one day.
2.It is such a risky situation as he almost couldn’t control.What a narrow escape!
3.We have found such materials as are used in their factory.
小提示：如果从句中缺主、宾、表就用as，否则用that。
IV.介词+关系代词(介词+which/whom)
定语从句中介词提前时，关系代词只能用whom(指人)或which(指物)且不能省略。
In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
注意：
★复合介词短语+关系代词which（注意从句中倒装语序）
There is a notebook on the desk,on the cover of which is written(write)the owner’s name.
★介词+关系副词
1.He stood under the tree,______he could see his son swimming.
A.where
B.from where
C.in which
D.from there
2.The book was written in1946,______the education system has witnessed great changes.
A.when
B.during which
C.since then
D.since when
★介词+which time/which case
1.At home,he never seems to have time until after10pm,by which time his children have gone to bed.
2.It occurred to him that it would save a lot of trouble to destroy the advertisement,in which case,he would have to explain to Peter.
★介词+which/whom+不定式
There should be some facts that he can base his argument on.
=There should be some facts to base his argument on.
=There should be some facts on which to base his argument.
V.定语从句人称和数的变化
< of+复数名词+关系代词+动词复数形式
2.the only one of+复数名词+关系代词+动词单数形式
3.当关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前句内容时从句谓语动词用单数。
(1)Titanic is the only one of these wonderful movies that has been produced(produce)in Hollywood so far.
(2)Tom is one of the boys who have passed(pass)the exam recently.
(3)He has been admitted to a top university,which makes(make)his parents quite happy.
(4)I,who am(be)your teacher,will try my best to help you.
难点对照：
1.定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句
(1)Please take some pictures where stands the Statue of Liberty.
(2)From what seemed to be a great distance,he greeted me wearing a smile on his face.
(3)The man is fond of chatting online with whoever shares the same interest.
(4)He wrote a letter______he explained what had happened in the accident.
A.what
B.which
C.where
D.how
2.定语从句、独立主格和并列句
(1)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature,______,for some reason,had withdrawn from all human
society.
A.which
B.who
C.where
D.whom
(2)I wish to thank Professor Smith,since without______help I would never have got this far.
A.who
B.whose
C.whom
D.his
(3)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those whose lives were affected.
(4)The drivers stopped their car,some of them stepping out to see what was happening.
3.定语从句、强调句型和状语从句
(1)---Where was it that you met him for the first time?
-
--It was at the party where a dance ball was held.
(2)---When was it that you started learning French.
---It was ten years ago that I picked up the language.
(3)It may take a decade before the whole nation fulfills the Chinese Dream.
4.定语从句、同位语从句和代词
(1)Last Sunday,I went shopping for a dress,B D would make me look younger.
<
< that
C.the one that
D.which
(2)The sport then was a little different from A C we currently know as gymnastics.
A.what
< that
C.the one that
D.which
(3)Researchers have found some evidence that inadequate sleep compromises efforts to lose weight. 5.定语从句、感叹句和让步状语
(1)What some teenagers don’t realize is how difficult life can be after they get addicted to drugs.
(2)However difficult life can be,we ought to face it bravely.
(3)Mr.Smith for whom life was hard in the past,works very hard although in his sixties.
定语从句巩固练习
1.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication,especially at work______a good impression is a must.
A.that
B.which
C.when
D.where
2.A company______profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
A.that
B.which
C.whose
D.who
3.As a teacher,occasions are rare______I have the time to spend a day with my son.
A.who
B.when
C.why
D.which
4.Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet______life has developed gradually.
A.that
B.where
C.which
D.whose
5.It is reported that an ordinary worker,for______life is very hard,has donated nearly50thousand yuan
to poor children so far.
A.whom
B.whose
C.who
D.him
6.Students should be involved in community activities______they can gain experience for growth.
A.when
B.that
C.where
D.whether
7.Many countries are now setting up national parks______animals and plants can be protected.
A.who
B.where
C.which
D.what
8.Care of the soul is a gradual process______even the small details of life should be considered.
A.what
B.in what
C.which
D.in which
9.Granny walks to the nearby park every day,______do many old people who live in my district.
A.as
B.which
C.when
D.though
10.During the gap year，I travelled to every point of the compass,______turned out to be a wise decision.
A.that
B.which
C.when
D.where
11.The training centers themselves admit that not all young adults will be successful in the jobs____they are being trained.
A.in that
B.for that
C.in which
D.for which
12.Mr.Smith will move into his new house next Sunday,______it will be completely furnished.
< that time
B.by which time
< which
D.by the time
13.She always asks me for help,since there is no one else______.
A.who to turn to
B.for whom to turn
C.she can turn to
D.for her to turn
14.She’ll never forget her stay there______she found her son who had gone missing two years before.
A.that
B.which
C.where
D.when
15.Among the many dangers______sailors have to face,probably the greatest of all is fog.
A.what
B.which
C.where
D.when
16.The tourists were shocked when they witnessed the scene______the tiger jumped out of the cage.
A.in which
B.by which
C.which
D.that
17.By16:30,______was almost closing time,nearly all the paintings had been sold out.
A.when B which C.what D.that
18.This is the biggest lab_____we have ever built in our university.
A.where
B.what
C.that
D.which
19.My cousin has been promoted to department manager,______I also want to be in the future.
A.who
B.which.
C.what
D.that
20.It might rain tomorrow,______we’ll have to put off the sports meeting until next Friday.
A.in that case
B.in case
C.in case that
D.in which case
21.They talked about the persons and the things______they remembered in the school.
reported
A.which
B.who
C.that
D.where
22.In Australia,surfing is a popular sport among young people______they can seek excitement and adventure.
A.that
B.which
C.where
D.how
23.For many cities in the world,there is no room to spread out further,______New York is an example.
A.for which
B.of which
C.in which
D.from which
24.John invited about40people to his wedding,most of______are family members.
A.them
B.that
C.which
D.whom
25.Finally he reached a lonely island______was completely cut off from the outside world.
A.which
B.where
C.what
D.who
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