中级阅读-阅读1
(总分：21.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、Test 1
·Look at the statements below and the text on budgeting.
·Which section (A, B, C or D) does each statement refer to?
·For each statement, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.
·You will need to use some of these letters more than once.
(总题数：1，分数：7.00)
·Look at the statements below and the text on budgeting.
·Which section (A, B, C or D) does each statement refer to?
·For each statement, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.
·You will need to use some of these letters more than once.
(总题数：1，分数：7.00)
Budgeting
A
Budgeting in a business sense is the planned allocation of available funds to each department within a company. Budgeting allows executives to control overspending in less pr
oductive areas and put more company assets into areas which generate significant income or good public relations. Budgeting is usually handled during meetings with accountants, financial experts and representatives from each department affected by the budgeting.
B
In a personal financing sense, budgeting can mean estimating monthly living expenses based on previous bills and wages. If your monthly income is a steady $3000, for example, you can subtract all of your known monthly bills from that figure even before they arrive. Some bills can be estimated and subtracted from the original income figure. The remaining balance after fixed expenses now becomes your household budget. Instead of assigning dollar amounts for sundries such as groceries, entertainment, gas and clothing, budgeting allows you to use percentages instead.
C
The key to successful budgeting is both flexibility and inflexibility. Certain expenses are fixed, so payment of those bills should be an inflexible element. Nothing is more important than paying those particular bills in full. In business, departments need to know the absolut
B
In a personal financing sense, budgeting can mean estimating monthly living expenses based on previous bills and wages. If your monthly income is a steady $3000, for example, you can subtract all of your known monthly bills from that figure even before they arrive. Some bills can be estimated and subtracted from the original income figure. The remaining balance after fixed expenses now becomes your household budget. Instead of assigning dollar amounts for sundries such as groceries, entertainment, gas and clothing, budgeting allows you to use percentages instead.
C
The key to successful budgeting is both flexibility and inflexibility. Certain expenses are fixed, so payment of those bills should be an inflexible element. Nothing is more important than paying those particular bills in full. In business, departments need to know the absolut
e ceiling on spending. Budgeting works best when very few exceptions are made to the upper limits. The idea of fiscal responsibility is to form a workable budget and stick to it as well as possible.
D
Budgeting also requires an element of flexibility. It isn't always possible to assign a fixed dollar amount on a project in January and expect the budget to remain stable in July. There are always unexpected events which can drastically change the priorities of a company or an individual. Without flexible budgeting, money allocated for one purpose could not be reallocated during a fiscal emergency. An unexpected drop in sales revenue in March can affect the budgeting plans in November, so accountants and financial officers need to adjust their figures regularly.
（分数：7.00）
D
Budgeting also requires an element of flexibility. It isn't always possible to assign a fixed dollar amount on a project in January and expect the budget to remain stable in July. There are always unexpected events which can drastically change the priorities of a company or an individual. Without flexible budgeting, money allocated for one purpose could not be reallocated during a fiscal emergency. An unexpected drop in sales revenue in March can affect the budgeting plans in November, so accountants and financial officers need to adjust their figures regularly.
（分数：7.00）
(1).Budgeting enables to avoid spending excessively.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）
解析：题干中avoid spending excessively与C段departments need to know the absolute ceiling on spending意思一致。
(2).Budgeting should be responsive to the changes.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：D）
解析：题干中be responsive to the changes对应的信息点为D段提到的An unexpected drop in sales revenue in March can affect the budgeting plans in November, so accountants and financial officers need to adjust their figures regularly。题干中的信息点与此句的意思一致。
(3).Budgeting needs mutual efforts of several sections.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：A）
解析：题干中needs mutual efforts of several sections与A段中的Budgeting is usually handled during meetings with accountants, financial experts and representatives from each department affected by the budgeting相对应，意为：“预算需要多个部门的共同努力。”
(4).Budgeting makes the proportion among various expenses known.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）
解析：题干中makes the proportion among various expenses known“显示出各项支出的比例”是指B段中的budgeting allows you to use percentages instead。
(5).It is advisable to pay the debts on a regular basis.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）
解析：题干中advisable to pay the debts on a regular basis对应C段中的Nothing is more important than paying those particular bills in full意为“没有什么比全额偿付特定的账单更重要的了。”
(6).Budgeting is a useful tool to develop a cost-effective and productive plan.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：A）
解析：题干中a useful tool to develop a cost-effective and productive plan与A段中的Budgeting allows executives to control overspending in less productive areas and put more company assets into areas which gene rate significant income or good public relations. 相对应。
(7).Budgeting can tell you if you live within your means:（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）
解析：题干中tell you if you live within your means，此处的means意为“收入，财富”，与B段主旨一致；B段中提到了通过预算并且根据以往的账单来估计生活支出，也可以通过预算得知支出是否高出预算。
二、Test 2
·Look at the statements below and the text on marketing segmentation.
·Which section (A, B, C or D) does each statement refer to?
·For each statement, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.
·
·Look at the statements below and the text on marketing segmentation.
·Which section (A, B, C or D) does each statement refer to?
·For each statement, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.
·
You will need to use some of these letters more than once.
(总题数：1，分数：7.00)
(总题数：1，分数：7.00)
Marketing Segmentation
A
Market segmentation means dividing a market for goods or services into distinct subdivisions. It takes a vague undistinguished group of consumers and uncovers those who have similar needs, those who make purchases or use products or services in the same. A market segment is a subgroup of people sharing similar consumer characteristics. And because each segment shares the same attitudes and behaviors, they generally respond the same to a given marketing strategy.
B
Markets can be divided in many ways. Small segments are sometimes called niche or specialty markets. One broad distinction is between industrial (business) and consumer ma
rkets. Despite overlaps in approach, the segmentation processes for these two separate markets can be quite distinct. Market also involves helping to choose which segments to focus on, or designing an appropriate set of ways to approach each market segment, or planning ways and methods to address the competition.
C
After identifying similar groups among customers and potential customers, the next goal of market segmentation is to prioritise which groups to address so as to best maximize market results. And then, to craft appropriate marketing strategies that satisfy the different consumers' preferences of each segment.
D
The process of market segmentation is to study, define, attract, serve and hold segment or segments of the market which the company can most effectively and profitably address. Since the needs of customers, and how they decide between to choose one product or service over another, are shared by similar individuals in a segment, companies can use that to find groups of consumers that share those similar buying habits and criteria and stu
C
After identifying similar groups among customers and potential customers, the next goal of market segmentation is to prioritise which groups to address so as to best maximize market results. And then, to craft appropriate marketing strategies that satisfy the different consumers' preferences of each segment.
D
The process of market segmentation is to study, define, attract, serve and hold segment or segments of the market which the company can most effectively and profitably address. Since the needs of customers, and how they decide between to choose one product or service over another, are shared by similar individuals in a segment, companies can use that to find groups of consumers that share those similar buying habits and criteria and stu
dy them in depth and address and satisfy them better. In that way the company can determine which groups of customers it can best and most profitably serve and which of its products and services can outstrip the competition in dominating that target market.
（分数：7.00）
（分数：7.00）
(1).Companies can know their strengths and benefit from the market segmentation.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：D）
解析：题干中know their strengths and benefit from the market segmentation与原文D段In that way the company can determine which groups of customers it can best and most profitably serve and which of its products and services can outstrip the competition in dominating that target market意思一致。
(2).Market should be diversified in order to satisfy different customers.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：A）
解析：题干中be diversified in order to satisfy different customers与A段中表达的主旨一致。
(3).Market segmentation is useful to establish targets, choose positions and marketing mix.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）
解析：题干中is useful to establish targets, choose positions and marketing mix与B段中的 Market also involves helping to choose which segments to focus on, or designing an appropriate set of ways to approach each market segment, or planning ways and methods to address the competition分别相对应。
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