专题18阅读理解之代词指代题专讲专练
距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！
养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。在这个时候，学生要尽快到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
一、词义猜测题概念及特点
指代题主要考查考生整体理解语篇的能力，并推断出该处指代词所代表的含义。理解相关句子的意义及上下文之间的逻辑关系是解这类题目的关键。
任何两句话之间的逻辑关系不外乎两种情况：不是顺着意思讲下去(顺接)就是意思发生了转折(逆接)。先判断前后两句之间的顺逆接关系，再寻正确的选项解题就容易多了。
在语篇中有时为了避免重复提及某一个词或者短语，常常用指代词表示，如：要求考生指出代词it，they，one等的指代对象。指代词起连接语篇的作用，它能体现出语篇中各句子之间的逻辑关系。解题时需要做到：①返回原文，出指代词；②“左顾右盼”，与其最接近的名词，名词性词组或句子；③替换该指代词，看意思是否通顺；④将到的词、词组与四个选项相比较出最佳答案。
二、词义猜测题的设问形式
①　The word “      代词      ” in refer to？
(1)What does the underlined word “this/it/” refer to?
(2)The underlined part “it/that/” fers to “        ”．
三、代词指代题解题步骤及方法
①：返回原文，出出题的指代词。
②：向上搜索，最近的名词、名词性短语或句子(先从最近点开始，不到再次近的，一般答案不会离得太远)。
③：将到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。
④：将到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较，出最佳答案。
1．“就近原则”判指代
此类题目要求考生根据语境判断代词 (this, that, it, they, them, one等) 究竟指代什么。
具体方法：
(1)返回原文，出指代词(it, they, them, this ...);
(2)向上(有时向下)搜索，最近的名词、代词、短语或句子(就近原则);
(3)将到的词、短语或句子代入替换该指代词，看其意思、逻辑关系是否.
2．“逻辑原则”指代
理清人物及事物间的逻辑关系是解答代词指代题的关键。
考生可利用上下文语境，采用逻辑关系梳理法，使人物或事物的关系明朗化。
要记住代词通常出现在原词之后，根据这条原则可快速排除选项中出现在代词之后的词汇，锁定答案，最后代入原句中进行验证。
3.数格一致
被指代对象通常与指代词在数(如单数或复数)和格(主格或宾格)两方面相同。
如单数代词one指代单数名词，复数代词they指代复数名词。
解题步骤：
1.确定指代对象。
要首先分析前后文，明确代词所指代的对象是人还是物，避免误判，要有目的地做题，才能真正做到有的放矢。
2.确定指代对象的数量。
代词指代的可数名词还是不可数名词，一定要在理解句子意思的基础上进行判断，只有判断准数，才能理解文章的意思，准确理解题目的要求。
3.确定指代范围。
在认真阅读的基础上明确代词的指代范围。只有明确代词所表示的具体范围，才能搞清楚文章的逻辑关系和前后文的联系，正在理解文章的中心思想。
高考真题感悟
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ·C)　主题语境：音乐
Some of the world's most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Sc
ientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying (联合) voice across cultures.
Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.regularly什么意思S. the jazz audience continues to and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It's Jason Moran's job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center's adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
“Jazz seems like it's not really a part of the American appetite，” Moran tells National Public Radio's reporter Neal Conan. “What I'm hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore. It's actually color, and it's actually digital.”
Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music can't be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. I
t has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same，” says Moran.
Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller's music for a dance party, “just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music，” says Moran. “For me, it's the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion (情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight (感悟) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we that the music has a wider context，” says Moran, “so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to .”
1.Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?
A. To remember the birth of jazz.
B. To protect cultural diversity.
C. To encourage people to study music.
D. To recognize the value of jazz.
2.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Jazz becoming more accessible.
B. The production of jazz growing faster.
C. Jazz being less popular with the young.
D. The jazz audience becoming larger.
3.What can we infer about Moran's opinion on jazz?
A. It will disappear gradually.   
B. It remains black and white.
C. It should keep up with the times.   
D. It changes every 50 years.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Exploring the Future of Jazz   
B. The Rise and Fall of Jazz
C. The Story of a Jazz Musician   
D. Celebrating the Jazz Day
答案与解析：　1.D　2.C　3.C　4.A
1.根据文章第一段a day to raise awareness of jazz确定答案。