企业所得税（Corporate income tax）
Corporate income tax
In the process of enterprise operation, the realization of income tax planning benefits is mainly achieved through reasonable selection of cost accounting methods.
deductible(1) making full use of the cost and expenses for the tax planning of enterprise income tax;
From the point of view of cost accounting, it is the most fundamental means to reduce the tax burden of enterprises by using the full payment of cost and expenses. Enterprise income tax is calculated according to the amount of taxable income and the tax rate stipulated by. The tax rate is vested, the enterprise income tax payable according to the amount of the taxable income of the enterprise should be. The taxable income shall be calculated after deducting the income, expenses, taxes and losses related to the income by the total amount of the enterprise income. Obviously, if income is fixed, as far as possible to increase the deductible items, which is in compliance with the premise of the accounting standards for financial and tax system, the enterprise is allowed to deduct the items to be fully charged, will make the amount of taxable income is greatly reduced, and ultimately reduce the corporate income tax base, and to reduce the burden of objective.
(two) make use of the reasonable choice of depreciation method to carry out the enterprise income tax plan
Depreciation is an integral part of the cost. According to the
current system, the methods commonly used in enterprises include the average year method, the workload method and the accelerated depreciation method. The amount of depreciation calculated by using different depreciation methods is inconsistent in quantity, and the cost of fixed assets allocated to each period of production cost is also different. Therefore, the calculation and extraction of depreciation must be related to the size of the cost, directly affect the profit level of enterprises, and ultimately affect the tax burden of enterprises. In this way, enterprises can make use of depreciation methods to carry out tax planning. We should pay attention to the following problems when choosing the enterprise income tax plan with depreciation methods.
1. depreciation methods to comply with the provisions of the law
Enterprises should reduce the tax burden without violating the law and without prejudice to the interests of the state. Therefore, in the choice of depreciation methods, we must fully understand the existing laws and regulations, and within the scope of the law of the depreciation of enterprises to mak
e a choice. Beyond the law choice of depreciation method not only brings to the enterprise income tax, the opposite may also be due to the behavior of violating the law and make the enterprise suffer such as loss of fines.
2., enterprises use depreciation methods to reduce tax burden, we must consider the impact of tax factors
Different tax conditions will make depreciation have different
effects on the profits and tax burden of enterprises. Generally, in the proportional tax system, if the annual income tax rate remains unchanged, then the accelerated depreciation method can be used to enable enterprises to obtain the benefits of deferred taxation. This amounts to an interest free loan made by an enterprise in the initial year. If the future income tax rate is more and more high Zeyi average method selection. Because the interest rate of deferred tax is directly proportional to the tax rate, therefore, in the future, the income tax rate is higher and higher, and the tax burden that will increase in the next year will be greater than the interest of delaying the payment of tax. Of course, it is possible to increase the tax burden in later years is less than the interests of tax deferred. Therefore, in the future, when the tax rate is higher and higher, it is necessary for enterprises to make a comparative
analysis before they can choose the depreciation methods of enterprises. In the comparative analysis, we must compare the present value of the total amount of tax increase and the present value of deferred tax payment in the next year, and make the calculation of the two sides the same. Under the progressive tax system, using the average number of years method, can make the profits of enterprises to avoid high and low, and maintain in a relatively stable state, reduce the tax payment of enterprises. Of course, size and other factors of their own conditions, the degree of tax progressivity sharply and bank interest rates, will also affect the tax effect of depreciation. Therefore, in the progressive tax system, the enterprises in the end to adopt what depreciation methods are more favorable, still need the enterprise after comparative analysis, can finally make a decision.
3., enterprises use depreciation methods to reduce tax burden, we must take into account the impact of inflation factors
According to the current system, China has a historical cost accounting principle for the assets owned by enterprises. Thus, if inflation exists, the actual purchasing power recovered by the enterprise at historical cost has undoubtedly been greatly depreciated, and the replacement of fixed assets with simple reproduction can not be carried out at the current market price. In this case, if the enterprise using the accelerated depreciation method, can make the enterprise to accelerate the rate of recovery
of investment, and in the suppression of the uncertainty of the future risk at the same time, the compensation of the depreciation fund invested enterprises then the value process, in order to create more wealth; and can make the enterprise depreciation speed, is conducive to the early depreciation cost to get more tax shield amount, to delay tax effect, increase investment effect for the enterprise (product tax deferred amount and delay during enterprise investment rate of return).
Four
Enterprises should use depreciation methods to reduce the burden of enterprise tax, and must consider the influence of capital value factors
On the surface, in the case of fixed asset value, no matter what depreciation method the enterprise uses, nor how long the depreciation period is, the total amount of depreciation
calculated is consistent. However, due to the influence of time value of capital, the value of the value of the same unit of capital at the same time point is not equal. So, the tax revenue enterprise in different depreciation methods compare various kinds, it must first be accrued depreciation Depreciation in enterprises in the capital markets at a discount rate, calculate the depreciation methods stipulated in the present value calculation from depreciation period of the sum and the tax shield present value sum
then, compare the present value of the sum of tax depreciation and depreciation of various depreciation methods under the present value and the sum of the parry, without violating the law under the selection of enterprises can bring the biggest tax depreciation method of avoiding blocking present value calculation of extraction of fixed assets depreciation.
5., enterprises use depreciation methods to reduce the tax burden of enterprises, we must consider the influence of the depreciation period
The current financial system and the tax law will give enterprises a certain choice of fixed assets depreciation period. In this way, enterprises can choose their own favorable fixed assets depreciation period according to their specific circumstances, and calculate the depreciation of the fixed assets of the enterprise. In general, the initial phase in the enterprise and enjoy the preferential treatment of tax reduction or exemption, enterprises can extend the depreciation of fixed assets, provision for depreciation deferred to tax relief after the expiration of the costs, in order to obtain the "tax income tax". But on the general