备战2022年高考英语考前必背(通用版)
完形填空生僻词
一、生僻动词汇总
abandon遗弃      acquire获得
advocate提倡; 主张      analyze分析
appeal 呼吁; 上诉    applaud(为……)鼓掌
appoint委派; 任命    approve认可; 批准
assess评估    calculate计算; 估计; 预料
betray背叛    confirm确认, 证实
clarify阐明; 澄清    define下定义
crash碰撞; 坠毁    distinguish识别; 辨别; 认清
diagnose诊断    enhance提高, 增强
digest消化    evaluate评估
distribute(有计划地)分发    identify认出; 识别
profit的形容词encounter偶遇; 邂逅    investigate调查
impose把……强加于    migrate迁移; 迁徙
maintain维持    negotiate谈判
neglect忽略    pave铺(路), 创造条件
pace踱步    preserve保存
postpone推迟    reserve预订
qualify 符合; 配得上    split分裂; 分开
slide滑行; 衰落    swear郑重承诺; 发誓
sponsor赞助; 举办    tremble颤抖, 哆嗦
whisper低语    withdraw撤回; 提取
【真题再现】
典例1: (2021·全国甲卷)Burchill was staying at the hotel on business and planning to visit some friends in the area. They had asked him to bring some pepperoni (辣香肠) from back east. So he 　44　 a suitcase full of pepperoni. 
44. A. filled  　B. locked  C. abandoned  D. lost
【解析】选A。根据上文内容可知, Burchill要去见朋友, 朋友要求他带一些辣香肠过来。由此可推知, 此处应表示他装了满满一箱的辣香肠。 fill“使充满, 装满”符合语境, 故选A。
典例2: (2021·全国乙卷) One afternoon,  while attempting to get into bed she collapsed (倒下) from what was eventually discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous,  　47　 the emergency medical team and good teamwork. 
47. A. assessing    B. requiring    C. forming    D. proving
【解析】选B。根据上文“The collapse was disastrous”的提示可知, 病人此次倒下的后果很严重, 需要医疗急救队及其良好的团队合作, requiring符合语境。
典例3: (2021·浙江高考)Last year I decided to do some volunteer work. I began to 　36　 on the Internet and discovered Volunteer USA. 
36. A. calculate    B. negotiate    C. advertise    D. research
【解析】选D。根据空前一句“Last year I decided to do some volunteer work. ”和空后的“on the Internet and discovered Volunteer USA”可知, 作者决定参加志愿工作, 并在网络上研究。calculate“计算”; negotiate“协商”; advertise“登广告, 为……打广告”; research“研究”。故选D。
二、动词短语汇总
act on根据……行事    　be regarded as被看作……
blow up爆炸    break down分解; 出故障
calm down平静下来    cheer on为……加油
care about关心; 在乎    deal with处理
depend on依靠; 取决于    get rid of摆脱
dream of渴望    have control of控制
get away远离; 离去    keep up保持
hang out闲逛    make use of利用
hold on to抓住; 坚持    occur to sb. 某人想到
live up to不辜负    put forward提出
move on继续前进    rise up上升
pay off奏效; 取得成功    show off炫耀
respond to对……做出反应    set out出发; 开始
roll over翻身    set off出发; 引起; 使爆炸
show up露面; 露出; 揭露    stay up熬夜
settle on选定; 决定    step forward前进; 站出来
shop for购买    use up用完
throw away扔掉    try out试验
与give相关的词组:
give away赠送; 丧失; 泄露    give in屈服, 让步  give up放弃
与go相关的词组:
go away走开, 离开    go back to回到
go on sale上市销售    go to waste浪费
与look相关的词组:    look after照看; 照顾
look back回顾; 回忆    look for寻
与run相关的词组:
run after追求; 追赶; 追逐    run off跑掉
与turn相关的词组:    turn around转身
turn down拒绝    turn up出现; 调高
与take相关的词组:
take care of照顾    take pictures of拍照片
take notes of记笔记    take possession of拥有; 占有
take hold of抓住    take off起飞
take to喜欢; 开始从事
与come相关的词组:
come along跟随    come across(偶然)遇见
come down落下; 下降    come in进来
come into effect生效    come over顺便拜访
come up发生; 被提及    come to mind突然记起
近五年高考生僻短语:
appeal to吸引; 呼吁    back off后退
back up支持; 支援    beat out 击败
draw up拟订; 起草    drive up抬高; 使上升
fade away逐渐消失    jump at欣然接受
give way to被……取代    register for注册/登记……
【真题再现】
典例1: (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) 　51　 a bit and the cakes pile up. 
51. A. Calm down    B. Slow down
C. Stay on    D. Move on
【解析】选B。根据该句中的“a bit and the cakes pile up”并结合常识可知, (工人的动作)如果稍微慢下来, 蛋糕就会堆积起来。B项意为“慢下来”, 故B项正确。
典例2: (2021·全国甲卷)They rushed to the window,  30 or 40 birds all trying to 　53　 at the same time, and pepperoni — everywhere. 
53. A. wake up  B. get out  C. take off  D. break in
【解析】选B。根据上文的描述和常识可知, 空白处所在句是说海鸥想要飞出窗外。wake up“醒来”; take off“起飞; 脱掉”; break in“破门而入”。get out “出去, 逃离”符合语境, 故选B。
三、生僻名词汇总
agenda议事日程; 日程表  allowance津贴; 零用钱; 限额
arrangement安排    assessment评估; 评价
blessing祝福; 祷告    bonus奖金; 红利
border边界; 国界    brand品牌; 烙印
burden负担; 船的载货量    coincidence巧合
comparison比较; 对比    compensation补偿; 报酬
concept概念; 观念    confirmation确认书; 证实
conflict冲突    contact接触; 联系
contract合同; 契约    crisis危机
conversation谈话; 对话    criterion标准; 准则
decline下降; 衰退    department部; 系; 科; 局
deposit存款; 押金; 订金    frustration沮丧 
hesitation犹豫    illustration说明; 图解
implication暗示; 牵连, 影响    intention意图; 目的
investment投资    motivation动机
mission使命; 任务    negotiation谈判; 协商
occupation占领; 职业    parcel包裹; 小包
passion激情    presentation表现; 介绍; 赠送
priority优先权    privilege荣幸; 特权
procedure程序; 手续; 步骤    profit利润; 利益
regulation规章制度    qualification资格; 条件; 限制
recreation娱乐, 消遣    reference提及; 参考
relief救济; 减轻; 安慰    reproduction繁殖
reputation名声    resignation辞职(书); 放弃; 顺从
【真题再现】
典例1: (2021·浙江高考) Three days later,  a beautiful stairway came into being. The 　48　 of knowing that my work will be on that mountainside for years to come is massive.