高考真题中语法知识清单
【全国乙卷】
英语学科
第一部分 听力(略)
第二部分 阅读理解
第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that【that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the suspicion，同时又作从句中动词faced的宾语】women practicing【动词-ing形式（短语）作后置定语，修饰women】medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where【where引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Paris】she worked as a physician and【连接两个动词worked和performed】performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried【一般过去时态的被动语态】for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned【一般过去时态的被动语态】from medicine.
James Barry (c.1789 — 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed【形容词。意思是“穿着……衣服的”】as a man, she was accepted【一般过去时态的被动语态】by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving【动词-ing形式作伴随状语】overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced【动词-ing形式的完成式，表示结果】her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Tan Yunxian (1461 — 1554) was a Chinese physician who【who引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a Chinese physician，作主语，不可省略】 learned【一般过去时态】her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not【情态动词的否定式】 serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed【一般过去时态】the official exam. Tan treated【一般过去时态】women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote【一般过去时态】a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing【动词-ing形式作伴随状语】her life as a physician.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) worked【一般过去时态】as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive【be enable的名词形式the first/last…to do结构的用法】a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where【where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Virginia】 she provided medical care to freed slaves.
21. What did Jacqueline and James have in common?
A. Doing teaching jobs.    B. Being hired as physicians.
C. Performing surgery.    D. Being banned from medicine.
22. How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners?
A. She wrote a book.    B. She went through trials.
C. She worked as a dentist.    D. She had formal education.
23. Who was the first African American with a medical degree?
A. Jacqueline Felice de Almania.    B. Tan Yunxian.
C. James Barry.    D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
【参考答案】21. C  22. A  23. D
B
Living in Iowa and trying to become【living…and trying…作句子的主语部分】a photographer specializing【动词-ing形式作后置定语，修饰a photographer】in landscape (风景) can【情态动词】be quite a challenge, mainly because【引导原因状语从句】the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although【引导让步状语从句】landscapes in the Midwest tend【主语一致。主语是landscapes，而不是the Midwest，谓语动词用复数形式】to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots【动词不定式（短语）作目的状语】, I have traveled【现在完成时态】up to four hours away to shoot【动词不定式作目的状语】within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or【连接两个介词短语to state parks和to the countryside】to the countryside to go on adventures and【连接两个动词（短语）go…和take…】take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time【动词-ing形式（短语）作主语】is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so【引导并列句】I ca
n【情态动词】set up early to avoid missing【avoid doing sthg的用法】the moment I am attempting【现在进行时态】to photograph【I am attempting to photograph是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the moment，因为它在从句中作动词photograph的宾语，关系代词that/which可以省略】. I have missed【现在完成时态】plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being【动词-ing形式（短语）作介词to的宾语】on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that【that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a crazy-looking road，在从句中作主语，不可省略】hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look【enable sb to do sthg的用法】over the lake with the sunset in the background【with复合结构作后置定语，修饰the sunset】. We managed to leave【manage to do sthg的用法】this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so【引导并列句，表示“结果” 】we ended up almost missing【end up doing结构的用法】the sunset entirely. Once【连词，引导时间状语从句】we found the plac
e, it【形式主语。真正主语是getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time】was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though【连词，引导让步状语从句】they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely【划线部分是虚拟语气结构，表示“与过去事实相反的假设”】.
24. How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest?
A. By teaming up with other photographers.    B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
C. By studying the geographical conditions.    D. By creating settings in the corn fields.
25. What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author?
A. Proper time management.    B. Good shooting techniques.
C. Adventurous spirit.    D. Distinctive styles.
26. What can we infer from the author’s trip with friends to Devil’s Lake?
A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D. They had problems with their equipment.
27. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake?
A. Amusing.    B. Satisfying.
C. Encouraging.    D. Comforting.
【参考答案】24. B  25. A  26. C  27. B
C
  What comes into your mind when【引导时间状语从句】you think of British food【特殊疑问句】? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting【一般疑问句】? Even though【even though引导让步状语从句】Britain has【主谓一致】a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing【现在进行时态】more top class chefs who【定语从句中的主谓一致。who引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词top class chefs，指人，可用that，不可省略，谓语动词用复数形式】appear frequently on our television screens and whose【引导定语从句，修饰先行词top class chefs，在从句作定语】recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that【这是强调结构It’s…that….在本句中的应用，强调状语部分thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign】Britons are turning away【现在进行时态】from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and【连接两个动词-ing形式（短语），turning…和becoming…】becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that【It is reported that….结构的用法。it是形式主语，真正主语是that引导的名词性从句】the number of those sticking【动词-ing形式（短语）作后置定语，修饰those】to a traditional diet is【
主谓一致。主语是the number，而不是a traditional diet】slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve【would/should like to do sthg的用法】their cooking in some way. There【there位于句首的倒装句】has been【现在完成时态】a rise in the number of students applying【动词-ing形式作后置定语，修饰students】for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped【现在完成时态】change what【what引导名词性从句，作动词change的宾语，同时它在从句中又作动词think宾语】people think about cooking.