a.四类实词的尾缀标志
. 名词后缀
-or/er/ess:做某件事情或职业的人或物:
Workerdebtoractress
  -acy:性质,状态,境遇:
Democracyaccuracydiplomacy
  -ance-ence:性质,状态,行为,过程,总量,程度
importance, diligence, difference, obedience
⑷-ancy-ency :性质,状态,行为,过程,
  frequency, urgency, efficiency
  -bility, 表示"动作,性质,状态" possibility, flexibility, feasibility
 
  -dom, 表示"等级,领域,状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom
7)-hood, 表示"资格,身份, 年纪,状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood
8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行为的过程,结果,状况“
  action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
 
9)-ism, 表示"制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为"
  socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism
10)-ment, 表示“行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果
treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
active词根词缀• 11)-ness, 表示"性质,状态,程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness
12)-ship, 表示"情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship, membership, friendship
13)-th, 表示"动作,性质,过程,状态" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth
14)-tude, 表示"性质,状态,程度" latitude, altitude(海拔)
15)-ure, 表示"行为,结果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)
16)-graphy, 表示"……学,写法” biography, calligraphy, geography
18)-ic, ics, 表示"…………" logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics
19)-ology, 表示"…………论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)
20)-nomy, 表示"…………" astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)
II. 形容词后缀
1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义
-able, -ible,
visible, flexible
2)名词-ishfoolish, bookish, selfish
(注意accomplish, vanish)
3)-ive, activesensitive, productive
4)-likemanlike, childlike
5)名词-lymanly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
6)-sometroublesome, handsome
7)-fulbeautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful
8)-ousdangerous, generous, courageous, various
9)-entviolent
10)-mostforemost, topmost
(11)less, 表示否定:countless, stainless, wireless
III. 动词后缀
1)-ize, ise, 表示“做成,变成,……化”
modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize
2)-en, 表示"使成为,引起,使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden
3)-fy, 表示"使……, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify
4)-ish, 表示"使,令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish
5)-ate, 表示“成为……,处理,作用” separate, operate, indicate
IV. 副词后缀
形容词-lybad→badly坏地/恶劣地,careful→carefully小心地
-wiseclock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的()like→likewise同样地
-wardsout→outwards向外面地,north→northwards向北方地
特殊副词:Yet, already. Just
Tips:不认识的单词根据词缀来判断词性(附四级常用词缀)
    不确定的单词注意多种可能性

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