C#中foreach实现原理详解
本⽂主要记录我在学习C#中foreach遍历原理的⼼得体会。
对集合中的要素进⾏遍历是所有编码中经常涉及到的操作,因此⼤部分编程语⾔都把此过程写进了语法中,⽐如C#中的foreach。经常会看到下⾯的遍历代码:
var lstStr = new List<string> { "a", "b" };
foreach (var str in lstStr)
{
Console.WriteLine(str);
}
实际此代码的执⾏过程:
var lstStr = new List<string> {"a", "b"};
IEnumerator<string> enumeratorLst = lstStr.GetEnumerator();
while (enumeratorLst.MoveNext())
{
Console.WriteLine(enumeratorLst.Current);
}
会发现有GetEnumerator()⽅法和IEnumerator<string>类型,这就涉及到可枚举类型和枚举器的概念。
为了⽅便理解,以下为⾮泛型⽰例:
// 摘要:
//  公开枚举器,该枚举器⽀持在⾮泛型集合上进⾏简单迭代。
public interface IEnumerable
{
// 摘要:
/
/  返回⼀个循环访问集合的枚举器。
//
// 返回结果:
//  可⽤于循环访问集合的 System.Collections.IEnumerator 对象。
IEnumerator GetEnumerator();
}
实现了此接⼝的类称为可枚举类型,是可以⽤foreach进⾏遍历的标志。
⽅法GetEnumerator()的返回值是枚举器,可以理解为游标。
// 摘要:
//  ⽀持对⾮泛型集合的简单迭代。
public interface IEnumerator
{
// 摘要:
//  获取集合中的当前元素。
//
// 返回结果:
//  集合中的当前元素。
//
// 异常:
//  System.InvalidOperationException:
//  枚举数定位在该集合的第⼀个元素之前或最后⼀个元素之后。
object Current { get; }
/
/ 摘要:
//  将枚举数推进到集合的下⼀个元素。
//
// 返回结果:
//  如果枚举数成功地推进到下⼀个元素,则为 true;如果枚举数越过集合的结尾,则为 false。
//
// 异常:
//  System.InvalidOperationException:
//  在创建了枚举数后集合被修改了。
bool MoveNext();
//
/
/ 摘要:
//  将枚举数设置为其初始位置,该位置位于集合中第⼀个元素之前。
//
// 异常:
//  System.InvalidOperationException:
//  在创建了枚举数后集合被修改了。
void Reset();
}
using System;
using System.Collections;
// Simple business object.
public class Person
{
public Person(string fName, string lName)
{
this.firstName = fName;
this.lastName = lName;
}
public string firstName;
public string lastName;
}
// Collection of Person objects. This class
/
/ implements IEnumerable so that it can be used
// with ForEach syntax.
public class People : IEnumerable
{
private Person[] _people;
public People(Person[] pArray)
{
_people = new Person[pArray.Length];
for (int i = 0; i < pArray.Length; i++)
{
_people[i] = pArray[i];
}
}
// Implementation for the GetEnumerator method.
IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
{
return (IEnumerator) GetEnumerator();
}
public PeopleEnum GetEnumerator()
{
return new PeopleEnum(_people);
}
}
// When you implement IEnumerable, you must also implement IEnumerator. public class PeopleEnum : IEnumerator
{
public Person[] _people;
// Enumerators are positioned before the first element
// until the first MoveNext() call.
int position = -1;
public PeopleEnum(Person[] list)
{
_people = list;
}
public bool MoveNext()
{
position++;
return (position < _people.Length);
}
public void Reset()
{
position = -1;
}
object IEnumerator.Current
{
get
{
return Current;
}
}
public Person Current
{
get
{
try
{
return _people[position];
}
catch (IndexOutOfRangeException)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException();
}
}
}
}
class App
{
static void Main()
{
Person[] peopleArray = new Person[3]
{
new Person("John", "Smith"),
new Person("Jim", "Johnson"),
new Person("Sue", "Rabon"),
};
People peopleList = new People(peopleArray);
foreach (Person p in peopleList)
Console.WriteLine(p.firstName + " " + p.lastName);
}
}
/* This code produces output similar to the following:
*
* John Smith
* Jim Johnson
* Sue Rabon
*
*/
在有了yield这个关键字以后,我们可以通过这样的⽅式来创建枚举器:using System;
using System.Collections;
/
/ Simple business object.
public class Person
{
public Person(string fName, string lName)
{
this.firstName = fName;
this.lastName = lName;
}
public string firstName;
public string lastName;
}
/
/ Collection of Person objects. This class
// implements IEnumerable so that it can be used
// with ForEach syntax.
public class People : IEnumerable
{
private Person[] _people;
public People(Person[] pArray)
{
_people = new Person[pArray.Length];
for (int i = 0; i < pArray.Length; i++)
{
_people[i] = pArray[i];
}
}
// Implementation for the GetEnumerator method.
IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
{
for (int i = 0; i < _people.Length; i++)
{
yield return _people[i];
}
}
}
class App
{
static void Main()
{
Person[] peopleArray = new Person[3]
{webservice实现
new Person("John", "Smith"),
new Person("Jim", "Johnson"),
new Person("Sue", "Rabon"),
};
People peopleList = new People(peopleArray);
foreach (Person p in peopleList)
Console.WriteLine(p.firstName + " " + p.lastName);
}
}
以上就是本⽂的全部内容,希望对⼤家的学习有所帮助,也希望⼤家多多⽀持。