葡萄酒专业英语词汇
第一部分葡萄酒分类
Dry red wine:干红葡萄酒Semi-dry wine:半干葡萄酒
Dry white wine:干白葡萄酒Rose wine:桃红葡萄酒
Sweet wine:甜型葡萄酒Semi-sweet wine:半甜葡萄酒
Still wine:静止葡萄酒Sparkling wine:起泡葡萄酒
Claret:新鲜桃红葡萄酒(波尔多产)Botrytised wine:贵腐葡萄酒
Fortified wine:加强葡萄酒Flavored wine:加香葡萄酒
Brut wine:天然葡萄酒Carbonated wine:加气起泡葡萄酒
Appetizer wine(Aperitif):开胃葡萄酒Table wine:佐餐葡萄酒
Dessert wine:餐后葡萄酒Champagne:香槟酒
Vermouth:味美思Beaujolasis:宝祖利酒
Mistelle:密甜尔Wine Cooler:清爽酒
Cider:苹果酒Brandy:白兰地
Fruit brandy:水果白兰地Pomace Brandy:果渣白兰地
Grape brandy:葡萄白兰地Liquor(Liqueur):利口酒
Gin:金酒(杜松子酒)Rum:朗姆酒
Cocktail:鸡尾酒Vodka:伏特加
Whisky:威士忌Spirit:酒精,烈酒
Cognac(France):科尼亚克白兰地(法)Armagnac(France):阿马尼亚克白兰地(法)
Sherry(Spain):雪莉酒(西班牙)Port(Portuguese):波特酒(葡萄牙)BDX:波尔多红酒
第二部分酿酒微生物
Yeast:酵母Wild yeast:野生酵母
Yeast hulls:酵母菌皮Dry activity yeast:活性干酵母
Bacteria:细菌Malolactic bacteria(MLB):乳酸菌
Lactic acid bacteria(LAB):乳酸菌Acetic acid bacteria:醋酸菌
Spoilage yeast:败坏酵母
第三部分生理生化过程Transpiration:蒸腾作用
Evaporation:蒸发Photosynthesis:光合作用
portuguese
Maillard Reaction :麦拉德反应Veraison:转期
Saturation:饱和Alcoholic fermentation(AF):酒精发酵
Stuck (Sluggish)Fermentation:发酵停滞Primary Fermentation:前发酵,主发酵Secondary Fermentation;二次发酵Heterofermentation:异型发酵
Malolactic fermentation(MLF):苹果酸-乳酸发酵Malo-Alcohol Fermentation(MAF):苹果酸-酒精发
Methode Charantaise:夏朗德壶式蒸馏法Maceration Carbonique :CO2 浸渍发酵Whole bunch fermentation :CO2 浸渍发酵Beaujolasis method:宝祖利酿造法Unareobic fermentation:厌氧发酵法Thermovinification:热浸渍酿造法
Charmat method:罐式香槟法Enzymatic browning:酶促褐变
Acetification:酸败Ageing:陈酿
Sur lies:带酒脚陈酿Esterify:酯化
Saccharify:糖化Liquefy:溶解、液化
Bottle ageing:瓶内陈酿Amelioration:原料改良Chaptalization:加糖Distillation:蒸馏
Fractional Distillation:分馏Rectification:精馏
Clarification:澄清
第四部分葡萄酒酿酒辅料
Betonite:膨润土(皂土)Kieselgur ,diatomite:硅藻土Capsule:胶帽Tin Plat、Foil:锡箔
Pigment:颜料、素Casein:酪蛋白
Pectin:果胶酶Silica gel:硅胶
Gelatin:明胶Isinglass:鱼胶
Egg white:蛋清Albumen:蛋白
Blood powder:血粉
第五部分理化指标
Total acid:总酸Titrable acid:滴定酸
Residul sugar:残糖Carbon dioxide:二氧化碳
Sugar-free extract:干浸出物Volatile acid:挥发酸
Sulfur dioxide:二氧化硫Total sulfur dioxide:总二氧化硫
Free sulfur dioxide:游离二氧化硫Copper(Cu):铜
Iron(Fe):铁Potassium:钾(K)
Calcium(Ca):钙Sodium(Na):钠
第六部分物质名词Methanol:甲醇
High Alcohol:高级醇Polyalcohol:多元醇
Ethyl acetate:乙酸乙酯Flavonol:黄酮醇
Glycine:甘油Calcium Pectate:果胶酸钙
Ochratoxin:棕曲霉毒素Butanol:丁醇
Isobutanol:正丁醇Gastric Acid:胃酸
Propanone:丙酮Acetic Acid:乙酸
Formic Acid:甲酸,蚁酸Phospholipids:磷脂
Amino Acid:氨基酸Fatty Acid:脂肪酸
Carbonic Acid:碳酸Carbohydrate:碳水化合物
Fixed Acid:固定酸Tartaric Acid:酒石酸
Malic Acid:苹果酸Citric Acid:柠檬酸
Lactic Acid:乳酸Succinic Acid:琥珀酸
Sorbic acid:山梨酸Ascorbic acid:抗坏血酸
Benzyl acid:苯甲酸Gallic acid:没食子酸
Ferulic Acid:阿魏酸Pcoumaric acid:香豆酸
Glucose, Dextrose ,Grape Sugar:葡萄糖Fructose, Fruit Sugar:果糖Cane Sugar, Short Sweetening:蔗糖Polysaccharides:水解多糖Starch :淀粉Amylase:淀粉酶
Foam:泡沫Protein:蛋白质
Mercaptan:硫醇Thiamine:硫胺(VB1)
Ammonium Salt:铵盐Melanoidinen:类黑精
Glycerol:甘油,丙三醇Copper citrate:柠檬酸铜
Copper sulphate:硫酸铜Hydrogen sulphide:硫化氢
Oak (barrel):橡木(桶)Catechins:儿茶酚
Low Flavour Threshold:香味阈值Maillard Reaction:美拉德反应
Volatile Phenols:挥发性酚Vanillan:香子兰
Vanillin:香草醛,香兰素Linalool:里那醇,沉香醇
Geroniol:牻牛儿醇,香茅醇Pyranic acid:丙酮酸
Furan Aldehydes:呋喃醛Eugenol:丁香酚
Guaiacol:愈创木酚Carbohydrate Degradation Products:碳水化合物降
解物
Cellulose:纤维素Hemicellulose:半纤维素
Hemicellulase:半纤维素酶Maltol:落叶松皮素
Oak Lactone:橡木内酯Hydrolysable Tannins:水解单宁
Ellagitannins:鞣花单宁Proanthocyanidin:原花素
Relative Astringency(RA):相对涩性Lagic Acid:鞣花酸
Polypetide Nitrogen:多肽氮Oxido-reduction Potential:氧化还原电位
Condenced Phenols:聚合多酚Poly-phenols:多酚
PVP(P):聚乙烯(聚)吡咯烷酮Anthocyanin:花青素
Alcohol, ethanol:乙醇Invert Sugar 转化糖
Oxygen:氧气Ester:酯类物质
Nitrogen:氮气Aroma:果香
Virus:病毒Bacteriophage:噬菌体
Body:酒体Byproduct:副产物
Potassium Bitartrate(KHT):酒石酸氢钾Potassium Sorbate:山梨酸钾
Diammonium Phosphate:磷酸氢二铵Potassium Meta-bisulfite (K2S2O5):偏重亚硫酸钾
Tannin:单宁Oak tannins:橡木丹宁
Undesired (Excessive )Tannins:劣质单宁Desired tannins:优质单宁
Enzyme:酶Laccase:漆酶
Polyphenol Oxidase(PPO):多酚氧化酶β-glucosidase:β-葡(萄)糖苷酶
β-glucanase:β-葡聚糖酶Mannoproteins:甘露糖蛋白
Lees:酒泥Chateau:酒庄
Bulk wine、Raw wine:原酒Hygiene:卫生
Activated carbon:活性碳Currant:茶蔗子属植物、无核小葡萄干
Raspberry:木莓、山莓、覆盆子、悬钩子
第七部分:设备
Filtrate(filtration):过滤Two-way Pump:双向泵
Screw Pump:螺杆泵Centrifuge:离心机
Distillation:蒸馏Heat Exchanger:热交换器
Crusher:破碎机Destemer:除梗机
Presser:压榨机Atmosphere Presser:气囊压榨机
Screw Presser:连续压榨机Filter:过滤机
Bottling Line:灌装线Plate Filtration(filter):板框过滤(机)
Vacuum Filtration(filter):真空过滤(机)Depth Filtration(filter):深层过滤(机)Cross Filtration(filter):错流过滤(机)Membrane Filtration(filter):膜过滤(机)
Sterile Filtration(filter):除菌过滤(机)Pocket Filtration(filter):袋滤(机)Rotary Machine:转瓶机Pomace Draining:出渣
Blending:调配Racking:分离(皮渣、酒脚)
Decanting:倒灌(瓶)Remuage:吐渣
Fining:下胶Deacidification:降酸
Pump over:循环Skin Contact:浸皮(渍)
Mix colors:调Oxidative Ageing Method:氧化陈酿法
Reducing Ageing Method:还原陈酿法Stabilization:稳定性
Ullage:未盛满酒的罐(桶)Headspace:顶空
NTU:浊度Receiving bin:接收槽
Corkscrew:开瓶器Distilling Column:蒸馏塔
Condenser:冷凝器Heat Exchanger:热交换器
Cork:软木塞Cellar:酒窖
Wine Showroom:葡萄酒陈列室Optical Density(OD):光密度
Metal Crown Lid:皇冠盖Blanket:隔氧层
Pasteurisation:巴斯德杀菌法
第八部分:原料、病虫害、农药
Grape Nursery:葡萄苗圃Graft:嫁接苗
Scion:接穗Seedling:自根苗
Disease:病害Botrytis:灰霉病
Downy Mildew:霜霉病Powdery Mildew:白粉病
Fan Leaf:扇叶病毒病Anthracnose:病
Mild Powder:灰腐病Black Rotten:黑腐病
Noble rot:贵腐病Pearls:皮尔斯病
Phylloxera:根瘤蚜Nematode:线虫
Bird Damage:鸟害Pest:昆虫
Lime Sulphur:石硫合剂Nursery:营养钵
Herbicide:除草剂Pesticide:杀虫剂
Fungicide:真菌剂Bordeaux mixture:波尔多液
Microclimate:微气候Variety:品种
Cluster:果穗Rachis:穗轴
Scion:接穗Rootstock:砧木
Grafting:嫁接
第九部分:学科名词
Enology:葡萄酒酿造学Pomology:果树学
Vinification:葡萄酒酿造法Wine-making:葡萄酒酿造
Ampelography:葡萄品种学Viniculture:葡萄栽培学
Wine Chemistry 葡萄酒化学Enologist,Winemaker:酿酒师
Vintage:年份Inoculation(inoculum):接种(物)
MOG(material other than grapes):杂物Terpene:萜烯
Terpenol:萜烯醇
第十部分葡萄酒等级
法国:A.O.C:法定产区葡萄酒
V.D.Q.S:优良产区葡萄酒V.D.P:地区餐酒
V.D.T:日常餐酒
第十一部分葡萄分类及部分品种
一、葡萄分类Vitaceae:葡萄科
Vine:葡萄树American Vine:美洲种葡萄
Franco-american:欧美杂交种Hybrid:杂交品种
Wild Grape(Vine):野生葡萄Cultivar:栽培品种
Wine Grape:酿酒葡萄Table Grape:鲜食葡萄
Seedless Grape:无核(籽)葡萄Grape(Vine)Variety:葡萄品种
二、红葡萄品种:Cabernet Sauvignon(France):赤霞珠
Cabernet Franc(France):品丽珠Cabernet Gernischt(France):蛇龙珠Carignan:佳利酿Sinsaut(France):神索
Gamay(France):佳美Grenache(Spain):歌海娜
Merlot(France):梅鹿辄Petit Verdot (France):味尔多
Pinot Noir(France):黑比诺Ruby Cabernet(America):宝石解百纳Sangiovese(Italy):桑娇维塞Syrah(France):西拉
Zinfandel(America):增芳德Muscat Hamburg:玫瑰香
Saperavi(Former Soviet Union):晚红蜜三、白葡萄品种:
Aligote(France):阿里高特Chardonney(France):霞多丽
Chenin Blanc(France):白诗南Traminer(Germany):琼瑶浆
Italian Riesling:贵人香Grey Risling:灰雷司令
White Riesling(Germany):白雷司令Muller-Thurgau(germany):米勒Muscat Blanc:白麝香Pinot
Blanc(France:)白品乐
Sauvignon Blanc(France):长相思Selillon(France):赛美蓉
Silvaner(Germany):西万尼Ugni Blanc(France):白玉霓
Folle Blanche(France):白福尔Colombard(France):鸽笼白
Long Yan(China,Changcheng):龙眼Rkatsiteli (Former Soviet Union):白羽四、染品种:Alicante Bouschet(France):紫北塞
Yan 73(China,Changyu):烟73 Yan 74(China,Changyu):烟74
第十二部分葡萄酒品尝Taste:品尝
Clarity:清澈、透明Transparent:透明的
Sensation;感觉Bitter Flavors:苦味
Off-flavor, Off-smell, Odour:异味Stemmy:果梗味
Reduction Smell:还原味Oxidative Smell:氧化味
Harmony:协调性Odour:气味
Olfactory:嗅觉的Scent:植物香气
Aroma:果香Bouquet:酒香
Body:酒体Perception:感觉
Amber:琥珀的Ruby:宝石红
Tawny:黄褐Violet:紫罗兰
Pink:紫红Brown:褐的
Round:圆润的Full:完整的、丰满的
Harmonious:协调的Supple:柔顺的
Soft:柔软的Smooth:平滑的
Mellower:醇美的Lively:充满活力的