高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习
  虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设,所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同,虚拟条件句可分为三种,即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。具体情况请看下表:
 
条件状语从句
     
与过去事实相反
had + 过去分词
should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词
与现在事实相反
一般过去时(bewere)
would/should/could/might + 动词原形
与将来事实相反
一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形
would/should/could/might + 动词原形
  例句:
1)表示与现在事实相反
  If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.
2)表示与过去事实相反
  If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.
3)表示与将来事实相反
  I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.
 1. 虚拟条件句的倒装
  在虚拟条件句中,为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性,或突出说话人的一种主观愿望,虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if,把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。例如:
  Had I been= If I had been in that situation I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.
  Should there be = If there should be a drought what should we do at that time
 2. 错综时间条件句
  有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致,这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。例如:
  If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years things wouldn’t be going so smoothly.
 3. 含蓄条件句
  有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来,而是通过某个介词或介词短语(如:withotherwisewithoutbut forin that position)、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如:
  But for the help from you I would not have had the chance to go to college.
二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用
  在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气,表示愿望、建议或命令等。根据虚拟语气的形式不同,虚拟语气可以分为“should过去时态类
(一)should
  这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形体现出来的,should可以省略。其具体运用体现在:
 1. suggest order demand propose command request desireinsist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。
  如:He suggests that she should leave the house at once.
  The leader ordered that the taskshould be finished as soon as possible.
  He proposed that we shoulddeal with the problem by the view of development.
 2. suggestorderdemandproposecommandrequestdesireinsist等动词相对应的名词suggestionorderdemandproposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用
虚拟语气。如:The general sent the order that the battleshouldbe held on until the complete failure of       the enemy.
  My proposal is that weshould set a deadline for handing in the plan.
 3. It is/was suggested ordereddemandedproposedetc.)结构以及necessaryessentialimportantstrangenatural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如:
  It’s requested that we shouldkeep the stability of the society for the people’s peaceful life.
  It is necessary that the badly wounded manshould be treated immediately.
(二)过去时态类
  英语中,还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子,也要使用虚拟语气,虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态(如:一般过去时、过去完成时等)来体现的。
 1. wishwould rather 后的宾语从句。如:
  He wished he had never been involved in such affairs.
  I would rather you could teach me again.
 2. as ifas though引导的从句。如:
  The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.
  He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.
 3. if only (要是……,那该多好啊!)引导的惊叹句。如:
  If only I had passed the test
  If only it stopped raining
 4. It isabout/high time 后的定语从句。如:
  It is time we went out for a walk.
  It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment.
三、虚拟语气的其它用法
  在英语中,一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子,也需要使用虚拟语气。如:
  Would you mind smoking here
  May you be lucky
  Long live the people of China
  God save me.
虚拟语气练习题
1.We _______ home now if you hadn’t taken the wrong turning.
A.would be    B.areelectronic是什么意思啊
C.were    D.will be
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:如果你没有拐错弯,我们现在已经在家了。此处是虚拟语气,从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时,主句表示与现在的事实相反用would/should/could/might+动词原形,故选A。
【名师点睛】
虚拟条件句中,主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时,要区别对待。
从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如:
If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会是工程师了。此处从句指过去的事实,如果当初努力学习,主句和现在事实相反,指现在就是工程师了。
本题考查此结构,从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时,主句表示与现在的事实相反用would/should/could/might+动词原形。
从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如:
If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了。从句现在事实是他不认识她,主句与过去事实相反,指他没去问候。
从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反,而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如:
If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话,庄稼会长得更好。从句与过去相反指今年下雨很多,主句与现在情况相反指庄稼没有长好。
2.-- It’s many years since I saw you last; I _____ you at all.
--- I wouldn’t have, either, if someone ______ you by the name.
A.didn’t recognize; hadn’t called    B.didn’t recognize; didn’t call
C.haven’t recognized; didn’t call    D.recognized; had called
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态和虚拟语气。句意:---自从上一次相见已经过去许多年了,我没有认出你来。---如果不是有人喊你的名字,我也没有认出你。第一空指的是说这句话之前没有认出对方,故用过去式;第二空表示对过去事情相反的假设,在从句中对过去的虚拟用过去完成式。故选A。
3.Should it rain, the crops _____ .
A.would be saved    B.would have been saved