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华南理工大学
2012年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（请在答题纸上做答，试卷上做答无效，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）
科目名称：语言学和英美文学基础知识
适用专业：英语语言文学；外国语言学及应用语言学
本卷满分：150分共7页
Part One
Fundamentals of Linguistics and Literature
（英语语言文学和外国语言学及应用语言学考生共答部分）
I. Define the following terms in your own words (20 points)
1. morpheme
2. hyponymy
3. language variety
4. relation maxim
5. metaphor
6. Romanticism
7. Sentimentalism
8. Metaphysical poetry
9. Free verse
10. Lost Generation
II. Answer the following questions (30 points)
1. How to classify errors in terms of their sources?
2. What is the significance of Saussure’s distinguishing between langue and parole?
3. Why [p, p h] are taken as allophones of the same phoneme /p/?
4. What is the stream-of-consciousness novel?
5. What is the significance of The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer?
6. Why is Romanticism considered the greatest poetic movement in British literature?
Part Two
Test for Students of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics
（仅供外国语言学及应用语言学考生用，英语语言文学考生不作答）
I. Discuss and comment on the following topics (40 points)
1. transcription of speech sounds
2. inflectional morphology and differences between languages
3. universal grammar and specific grammars
4. the meaning of meaning
II. Analyze the Language data according to the requirements (60 points)
1. Explain the following sentence by way of IC-analysis (15 points):
Go and ask Mr. Smith who is sitting by the window.
2. Analyze the following speech event in terms of the related pragmatic theory (10
points):
Mary: Do you like rugby?
Tony: I am a New Zealander.
3. Explain the rules and principles underlying the ungrammaticality or inappropriateness
involved in the following sentences (20 points):
a. * I’m grateful to Professor Smith for providing me food and accommodation
during my visit to Harvard University.
b. * Hearing the shouting, David saw the birds flying away immediately.
4. Analyze the following passage in terms of the related stylistic theory (15 points):
If you prick us, do we not bleed? If you tickle us, do we not laugh? If you poison us, do we not die? And if you wrong us, shall we not revenge?
(William Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice, II. ix)
Part Three
Test for Students of English Language and Literature
（仅供英语语言文学考生用，外国语言学及应用语言学考生不作答）
I. Discuss and comment on the following topics (40 points)
1. What led to the rise of American Realism?
2. What are the major themes of modernist literature?
3. Comment on the historical development of sonnet as a poetic form.
4. Discuss the characteristics of Edgar Allan Poe’s poems.
II. Analysis and appreciation (60 points)
1. Please read the following excerpt from Tess of D’Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy, and analyze it in a 200-word essay. (30 points)
Chapter 35
Clare performed the irrelevant act of stirring the fire: the intelligence had not even yet got to the bottom of him. After stirring the embers he rose to his feet: all the force of her disclosure had imparted itself now. His face had withered. In the strenuousness of his concentration he treaded fitfully on the floor. He could not, by any contrivance, think closely enough; that was the meaning of his vague movement. When he spoke it was in the most inadequate, commonplace voice of the many varied tones she had heard from him.
“Tess!”
“Yes, dearest.”
“Am I to believe this? From your manner I am to take it as true. O you cannot be out of your mind! You ought to be! Yet you are not. … My wife, my Tess ─ nothing in you warrants such a supposition as that?”
“I am not out of mind,” she said.
“And yet —” He looked vacantly at her, to resume with dazed senses: “Why didn’t you tell me before? Ah, yes ─you would have told me —in a way; but I hindered you.
I remember!”
These, and other of his words, were nothing but the perfunctory babble of the surface while the depths remained paralyzed. He turned away, and bent over a chair. Tess followed him to the middle of the room where he was, and stood there staring at him with eyes that did not weep. Presently she slid down upon her knees beside his foot, and from this position she crouched in a heap.
“In the name of our love, forgive me!” she whispered with a dry mouth. “I have forgiven you for the same!”
And, as he did not answer she said again;
“Forgive me as you are forgiven! I forgive you, Angel.”
“You, — yes, you do.”
“But you do not forgive me?”
“O Tess, forgiveness does not apply to the case. You were one person: now you are another. My God — how can forgiveness meet such a grotesque — prestidigitation as that!”
He paused, contemplating this definition; then suddenly broke into horrible laughter — as unnatural and ghastly as a laugh in hell.
“Don’t — don’t! It kills me quite, that!” she shrieked. “O have mercy upon me — have mercy!”
He did not answer; and, sickly white, she jumped up. “Angel, Angel? What do you mean by that laugh?” she cried out. “Do you know — what this is to me?”
He shook his head.
“I have been hoping, longing, praying, to make you happy! I have thought what joy it will be to do it, what an unworthy wife I shall be if I do not! That’s what I have felt, Angel?”
“I know that.”
“I thought, Angel, that you loved me — me, my very self! If it is I you do love, O how can it be that you look and speak so? It frightens me! Having begun to love you, I love you for ever — in all changes, in all disgraces, because you are yourself. I ask no more. Then how can you, O my own husband, stop loving me?”
“I repeat, the woman I have been loving is not you.”
“But who?”
“Another woman in your shape.”
…
“Angel,” she said suddenly in her natural tones, the insane dry voice of terror having left her now. “Angel, am I too wicked for you and me to live together?”
“I have not been able to think what we can do.”
“I shan’t ask you to let me live with you, Angel; because I have no right to. I shall not write to mother and sisters to say we be married, as I said I would do. And I shan’t finish the good-hussif’ I cut out and meant to make while we were in lodgings.”
“Shan’t you?”
“No, I shan’t do anything, unless you order me to. And if you go away from me I shall not follow’ee; and if you never speak to me any more I shall not ask why, unless you tell me I may.”
“And if I do order you to do anything?”
“I will obey you, like your wretched slave, even if it is to lie down and die.”
…
But she went on pleading in her distraction; and perhaps said things that would have been better left to silence. “Angel, Angel: I was a child — a child when it happened! I knew nothing of men.”
“You were more sinned against than sinning, that I admit.”
tickle
“Then will you not forgive me?”
“I do forgive you. But forgiveness is not all.”
“And love me?”
To this question he did not answer.
“O Angel — my mother says that it sometimes happens so — she knows several cases when they were worse than I, and the husband has not minded it much — has got over it, at least. And yet the woman has not loved him as I do you.”
“Don’t, Tess; don’t argue. Different societies different manners. You almost make me say you are an unapprehending peasant woman, who have never been initiated into the proportions of social things. You don’t know what you say.”
“I am only a peasant by position, not by nature!”
…
“During the interval of the cottager’s going and coming she had said to her husband, “I don’t see how I can help being the cause of much misery to you all your life. The river is down there: I can put an end to myself in it. I am not afraid.”
“I don’t wish to add murder to my other follies,” he said.
“I will leave something to show that I did it myself — on account of my shame. They will not blame you then.”
“Don’t speak so absurdly — I wish not to hear it. It is nonsense to have such thoughts in this kind of case, which is rather one for satirical laughter than for tragedy. You don’t in the least understand the quality of the mishap. It would be viewed in the light of a joke by nine-tenths of the world, if it were known. Please oblige me by returning to the house and going to bed.”
“I will,” said she dutifully.
…
Having nothing more to fear, having scarce anything to hope, for that he would relent there seemed no promise whatever, she lay down dully. When sorrow ceases to be speculative sleep sees her opportuni
ty. Among so many happier moods which forbid repose this was a mood which welcomed it, and in a few minutes the lonely Tess forgot existence, surrounded by the aromatic stillness of the chamber that had once, possibly, been the bride-chamber of her own ancestry.
Later on that night Clare also retraced his steps to the house. Entering softly to the