2022年考研考博-考博英语-首都师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
The wealth of a country should be measured （  ）the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can provide.
问题1选项
A.in line with
B.in terms of
C.in regard to
D.by means of
【答案】B
【解析】考查词组辨析。in line with “与…一致”；in terms of “根据，按照”；in regard to “关于，对于”； by means of “凭借”。句意：一个国家的富有程度，应根据国家能提供的商品以及国民的健康和幸福来衡量。由be measured可知B项符合句意。答案B
2.
单选题
A healthy diet includes lots of （  ）natural food with plenty of proteins and vitamins.
问题1选项
A.indigestible
B.wholesome
C.leftover
D.heavy
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。indigestible 难消化的；wholesome益于健康的；leftover剩余的，残留物。句意：健康的饮食包含许多益于健康的纯天然食物，这些食物含有丰富的蛋白质和维生素。根据healthy diet可知空格处应填B，答案B
3.
单选题
The ratio of the work done by the machine （  ）the work done on it is called the efficiency of the machine.
问题1选项
A.against
B.with
C.to
D.for
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定搭配。the ratio of A to B表示“A与B之比”。句意：机械所做的功与其受到的功之比称为机械的效率。答案C
4.
单选题
In 1914, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Eastern Europe（  ） Europe into a great war.
问题1选项
A.imposed
B.pitched
C.inserted
D.plunged
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。 impose强加，征税；pitch投掷，倾斜； insert插入；plunge跳入，使陷入。句意：1914年，东欧一件明显微不足道的小事让整个欧洲陷入一场大战争中。由insignificant event与a great war可知两者存在联系，即小事件引起大战争，D项符合题意。答案D
5.
单选题
Because of the severe drought, the government has urged people to be（  ）with water.
问题1选项
A.economic
B.thrifty
C.cautions
D.economical
【答案】B
【解析】考查近义词辨析。 economic经济的；thrifty节约的，节省的；caution谨慎的，十分小心的； economical经济的，节约的。由句中“severe draught 严重旱灾”可知政府号召人们节约用水，不要浪费水。句意：由于那场严重的旱灾，政府号召人们节约用水。故答案B
6.
单选题
In such a changing and complex society, formerly simple solutions to informational needs become（  ）.
问题1选项
A.confusing
B.acceptable
Cplicated
D.feasible
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。 confusing 令人困惑的，混乱的；acceptable 可接受的；complicated 复杂的；feasible 可行的，可用的。句意：在今天这个不断变化的多元社会，以前应对信息需求的简单的解决方法变得复杂。根据changing and complex society及simple solutions可推知以前的简单方法现在变得更复杂。答案C
7.
单选题
He said that ending the agreement would （  ）the future of small or family-run shops,lead to fewer books being published and increase prices of all but a few bestsellers.
问题1选项
A.venture
B.expose
C.jeopardize
D.legalize
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。venture “冒险”；expose“揭露，揭发”；jeopardize “损害”；leg
alize “使合法化”。句意：他说，终止协议不利于小型或家庭式经营书店未来的发展，那样会减少图书出版量，而且会提高除部分畅销书以外全部图书的价格。由lead to…可知是导致不好的结果，故空格处要填贬义词，答案C
8.
单选题
San Francisco climbs and falls over numerous hills, which provide （  ）views of the wide bay and the Golden Gate Bridge.
问题1选项
A.flashy
B.transient
C.breathtaking
D.ambiguous
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。 flashy “闪光的，瞬间的”； transient “短暂的”；breathtaking “惊人的，惊险的，令人激动的”；ambiguous“模糊不清的”。句意：旧金山位于高低起伏的小山上，能让人们看到令人激动的大湾以及金门桥。由climbs and falls over numerous hills以及空格后的wide bay“宽阔海湾”可知海湾和金门桥的景象是令人激动的。答案C
9.
单选题
Why in an age of technology, should so many people still cling to an ancient belief? In part it must be because astrology （占星术）claims to tell us something about ourselves, and all of us are interested in ourselves. I think it is because astrology is presented as if it were a science by its modern practitioner, and many people are misled by this.
In fact，astrology was never a science. It was not a hypothesis or theory developed to describe natural phenomena, and until fairly recent times, there was no attempt to test or v
erify its predictions. Astrology began approximately three thousand years ago in Babylonia, it was applied to monarchs and kingdoms, but not to individuals. It spread in the 6th century BC as Far as India, where it flourishes today. The Egyptians, meanwhile, developed their own kind of astrology. But the astrology now practiced in Europe and America is that developed by the Greeks, who synthesized the ideas of Babylonians and Egyptians and enriched them with concepts from their own fertile imaginations. The Greeks believed that the earth was composed of four elements, and the heavens of a perfect crystalline material. The planets themselves were variously thought to be gods, residences of gods, or at least manifestations of gods. The gods were immortal, but otherwise had the same attributes of anger, happiness, jealousy, rage and pleasure as we do. Now if what the gods' thought was capricious （变化无 常的），at least the planets were predictable in their movements. Because our own lot in life is so unpredictable, it must be purely at the mercy of gods. But if the gods are the planets, or somehow associated with them, then we have only to learn the rules of the motions of the planets to understand the whims of the gods and how they shape our own lives. So the belief developed that each of our lives is preordained by the precise configuration of the planets in the sky at the time of our birth.
Astrology could not, of course, have seemed as incredible to the ancients as it does to us .The role of the sun influencing our daily and yearly lives is obvious; it was a natural extension to attribute other powers to the other planets as well. It wasn't until the time of Newton that we understood that the laws of Nature apply to the celestial worlds as well as to the terrestrial one. During antiquity, however, all great scholars believed in astrology.
1.Many people are misled by astrology because it is presented by the practitioners as（  ）.
2.It is implied that astrology is based on the belief that
（  ）. 
3.Which of the following is TRUE about the scholars before the time of Newton?
4.What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?
insert的固定搭配问题1选项
A.a theory that can describe natural phenomena
B.a magical key to understand themselves