玻璃分类（Glass classification）
Glass classification
Glass is made of quartz sand, soda ash, feldspar and limestone as the main raw material, by melting, molding, cooling and solidification of non crystalline inorganic materials. It has the transparency of general materials, and has excellent mechanical and thermal properties. Moreover, with the development of modern architecture, it is developing toward multi-functional direction. The deep processing products of glass can control light, regulate temperature, prevent noise and improve architectural art and decoration. Glass is no longer just lighting material, but also a kind of structural material and decorative material of modern architecture.
Flat glass
Flat glass refers to flat glass products without other processing, also known as white glass or net glass. According to the production method, it can be divided into ordinary flat glass and float glass. Flat glass is a glass building in the largest production capacity, the use of a most, mainly used for doors and windows, lighting up (visible light transmittance of 85%90%), enclosure, thermal insulation and sound insulation effect is further processed into other glass original film technology.
Flat glass can be divided into window and decorative glass according to its use. According to the national standard "ordinary flat glass" (GB4871 - 1995) and "float glass" (GB11614 - 89) provisions, glass according to its thickness can
be divided into the following specifications:
Ordinary flat glass produced by drawing method: 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm four categories.
Float glass: 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 8mm10mm, 12mm seven categories.
The length and width ratio of glass produced by drawing method shall not be greater than 2.5, of which 2 and 3mm thick glass shall not be smaller than 400mm * 300mm, and 4, 5 and 6mm thick glass shall not be less than 600mm * 400mm. Float glass size is generally not less than 1000mm * 1200mm, 5 and 6mm, maximum up to 3000mm * 4000mm.
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Ordinary flat glass is measured in standard box, actual box and weight box. The thickness of 2mm flat glass is 1 TEU per 10m. For other thickness standard flat glass, standard box conversion is necessary. The actual box is the unit used to transport piecework. The thickness of the glass is different, and the packing capacity of each case is different. The actual box can be obtained by multiplying the square number of the same thickness multiplied by the thickness coefficient. The weight
box refers to the thickness of the 2mm plate glass, the weight of each standard box, other thick aromatic glass can be replaced by a certain coefficient.
The use of flat glass has two aspects: 3 to 5mm flat glass is generally used directly for doors and windows lighting, 8 ~ 12mm of flat glass can be used for partition. Another important use is the original sheet of glass, such as toughened, laminated, coated, hollow, etc..
Two. Safety glass
Safe glass is a kind of glass with high mechanical strength and strong impact resistance compared with ordinary glass. The main varieties of tempered glass, toughened glass, laminated glass and titanium glass. When the safety glass is crushed, the fragments can not hurt people, and simultaneously, the utility model has the functions of theft prevention and fire protection. According to t
he original glass used in production, the safety glass has certain decorative effect.
(1) toughened glass
Toughened glass is also called toughened glass. It uses physical or chemical methods to form a compressive stress layer on the surface of glass. The glass itself has a higher compressive strength and will not cause damage. When the glass is subjected to external force, the pressure layer may be part of the tensile stress offset, avoid broken glass, although tempered glass is in large internal stress state, but the glass without internal defects, not made in damage, so as to improve
the strength of the glass.
Tempered glass is the two processing product of flat glass. The processing of toughened glass can be divided into physical toughening method and chemical toughening method.
Physical toughened glass is also called tempered tempered glass. It is the ordinary flat glass in heating furnace heated to the softening temperature close to the glass (600 DEG C), the internal stress of the self deformation is eliminated, and then removed from the glass furnace, with long nozzle high pressure cold air blowing glass on both sides, the rapid and uniform cooling to room temperature,
well tempered glass can be made. This kind of glass in the internal tension, external compressive stress state, once the local damage occurs, the stress release, the glass is broken into small pieces, these small pieces no sharp edges, not easy to hurt.
float upChemically toughened glass is used to improve the strength of the glass by changing the chemical composition of the surface of the glass, which is usually tempered by ion exchange. The method is to dip silicate glass containing alkali ions into a molten lithium (Li +) salt,
The glass surface Na + or K + ion exchange with Li +, Li + ion exchange layer formed on the surface, because the expansion coefficient of less than Na Li + + and K + ions, resulting in the shrinkage and the inner smaller shrinkage during cooling, when cooling to room temperature, the glass is also in the inner layer the tension, outer compression state, the effect is similar to physical tempered glass.
Toughened glass with high strength, the compressive strength can exceed 125MPa, than ordinary glass is 4 ~ 5 times; the impact strength is also very high, measured by steel ball, 0.8kg ball from 1.2m height, the glass can be kept intact.
Toughened glass is much more elastic than ordinary glass, a piece of 1200mm * 350mm * 6mm toughened glass, the stress can occur after the bending deflection of 100mm, when the external force i
s withdrawn, still can restore the normal glass bending deformation of only a few mm.
Good thermal stability, in cold and hot, not easy to crack is another characteristic of toughened glass. This is because the compressive stress of tempered glass can offset the tensile stress caused by rapid quenching and hot pressing. Toughened glass with thermal shock resistance, the maximum safe working temperature is 288 degrees Celsius, and can withstand the change of temperature difference of 204 degrees centigrade.
Because toughened glass has better mechanical performance and thermal stability, it has been widely used in construction engineering, transportation and other fields. Flat tempered glass is often used as window, partition wall, curtain wall, window, furniture and so on. Curved glass is often used in automobiles, trains and airplanes.
Use should pay attention to is not tempered glass cutting, grinding, edge angle cannot impact extrusion, need to put forward specific design drawings into processing customized according to the size specifications available or selected. For