一．句子翻译练习；英译汉
1. It is forbidden to dismantle it without permission so as to avoid any damage to its parts.
严禁乱拆，以免损坏该设备的零件。
2. All living things must, by reason of physiological limitations, die.
由于生理上的局限, 一切生物总是要死亡的。
3. The removal of minerals from water is called softening.
去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。
4. Gene piracy is not new.
窃取基因不是新鲜事。
5. All plants and animals need carbon for growth.
所有的动植物均需要碳才能生长。
6. Failure to fix these symbols in mind keeps students from mastering the mathematical subjects they take up.
由于未能记住这些符号，使得许多学生无法掌握他们选修的教学课程。
7. This higher cost is not entirely due to the shape of the part, or the use of a more expensive metal.
成本教高不完全是由于部件的形状，也不是由于使用的金属比较昂贵。
8. A chicken is a suitable specimen for the study of the general external features of a bird.
鸡是研究禽类外部特征的合适范例。
9. The flow of electrons is from the negative zinc plate to the positive copper plate.
电子从负的锌极流向正的铜极。
10. As a ship is loaded, it sinks deeper into the water, displacing an additional amount of water equal to the weight of the added load.
船装了货吃水更深，其排开的附加水量等于所装货的重量。
11. Non-mobile robots, capable of learning to perform an industrial task and then of being left to
perform it tirelessly, are even now in use in industrial plants all over the world.
不能行走的机器人能学会做工，并能孜孜不倦地工作，今天在世界各地的工厂里得到了使用。
12. The result of the invention of the steam engine was that human power was replaced by
mechanical power.
蒸汽机发明的结果是, 机械力代替了人力。
13. Agricultural technique spreading centers have been set up everywhere in that province,
helping farmers to do their work in a more scientific way.
该省已普遍成立了农技推广中心，帮助农民以更加科学的方法种田。
14. When two bodies oscillate at the same frequency, they are said to be in resonance.
当两个物体以相同的频率震动时, 我们说它们处于共振状态。
15. Temperature is changed quickly from room temperature to 125 ℃and is held there for at least
15 minutes.
使温度很快从室温升到125℃, 并至少保持15 分钟。
16. After sealing the header is cleaned and then the leads are clipped to the desired length.
封焊后把管座清洗干净，然后把引线剪到所需长度。
17. The damage caused by acid rain can be alleviated by adding lime to lakes, rivers and streams
and/or their catchments' areas.
往湖泊、河流和溪流及(或)它们的集水区中撒石灰，可以减轻酸雨所造成的损害。
18.New uses have been found for old metals, and new alloys have been made to satisfy new
demands.
老金属有了新用途，新合金被冶炼出来了，以满足新的需要。
19.The development of electronic computers has been heralded as the beginning of a second industrial revolution as tremendous in scope as that initiated by the invention of the steam engine.
电子计算机的发展被宣称为另一次工业革命的开端, 其规模同蒸汽机的发明所导致的第一次工业革命一样宏大。
20. Produced by electrons are the X-rays, which allow the doctor to look inside a patient ’s body.
电子产生的是X 射线, 能让医生透视病人的身体。
21. Many man-made substances are replacing certain natural materials because either the quantity of the natural products cannot meet our ever-increasing requirement, or more often, because the physical properties of the synthetic substances, which is the common name for man-made materials, have been chosen, and even emphasized so that it would be of the greatest use in the field which it is to be applied.
许多人造材料正在取代天然材料，这或者因为天然产品的数量不能满足人类不断增长的
需要，或者更多地因为合成物(这是各种人造材料的统名称)的物理性能被选中，甚至受到极大
重视，因而使得它会在准备加以采用的领域获得最大量的重视。
22. No such limitation is placed on an alternating-current machine; here the only requirement is relative motion, and since a stationary armature and a rotating field system have numerous advantages, this arrangement is standard practice for all synchronous machines rated above a few kilovolt-amperes.
交流机不受这种限制，唯一的要求是相对移动，而且由于固定电枢和旋转磁场有很多优点, 这种安排是所有容量超过几千伏安的同步机的标准做法。
23. Various machine parts can be washed very clean and will be as clean as new ones when they are treated by ultrasonics, no matter how dirty and irregularly shaped they may be.
less is more 翻译各种机器零件无论搞得多么脏，形状弄得多么不规则，一旦用超声波处理后，就可以被洗得干干净净，甚至干净得像新机器零件一样。
24.Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.
由于铝总是和其他元素--- 最常见的是氧(因为铝对氧有很强的亲和力)--- 结合在一起, 所以在自然界任何地方都不到处于游离状态的铝, 因而直到19 世纪才为人们所知道。
25.Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some
respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.
宇宙膨胀学说虽然听似奇特，但它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论，在科学上看来是
可信的推论。许多天体物理学家十年来一直认为这一论说是正确的。
26.The loads a structure is subjected to are divided into dead loads, which include the weights of
all the parts of the structure, and live loads, which are due to the weights of people, movable equipment, etc.
一个结构受到的载荷可以分为静载和动载两类。静载包括该结构各部分的重量。动载则
是由于人和可移动设备等的重量而引起的载荷。
27. With the advent of the space shuttle, it will be possible to put an orbiting solar power plant in stationary orbit 24000 miles from the earth that would collect solar energy almost continuously and convert this energy either directly to electricity via photovoltaic cells or indirectly with flat
plate or focused collectors that would boil a carrying medium to produce steam that would drive a turbine that then in turn would generate electricity.
随着航天飞机的出现，有可能把一个沿轨道运行的太阳能发电站送到离地球24000 英里的
一条定常轨道上去。这个太阳能发电站几乎不间断地采集太阳能。它还能够用光电池将太阳
能直接转换成电能，或者用平板集热器或聚焦集热器将太阳能转换成电能，即集热器使热传导
体汽化，驱动涡轮机发电。
28.The super-cooling effects of the cryogenics which convert liquid helium and other gases into
“superfluids and”metals into “superconductors ma”kin,g them non-resistant to electricity, could change the world in a number of ways.
低温学的过冷作用将液态氦及某些气体变成“超流体”，将某些金属变成“超导体”, 使它
们没有电阻，从而可以用许多方法改变世界面貌。
29. Apart from the obviously arithmetical work like pay calculations, there is much work which
can be put into a mathematical form although at first sight it may not appear to have anything to
do with arithmetic.
除了像计算机付款这样明显的算术工作之外，还有许多工作可以表述为数学形式，虽然乍
看起来他们与算术一点关系都没有。
30.At the same time, it is noticed that the sound becomes gradually weaker, until it scarcely audible although the bell is still ringing.
同时人们会注意到, 尽管电铃仍在响, 但是声音逐渐变弱, 直至几乎听不到。31. Perhaps more important for today’s engineering applications is the lack of large physical and virtual memories on PCs.
对于当今的工程应用来说，也许更为重要的是PC 机上缺少大容量的物理内存和虚拟内
存。
32. Atomic safety has gone far beyond such crude beginnings, but a riskfree reactor has yet to be
built.
防原子的安全措施现已远非初时那种粗陋简拙的样子了, 但是完全没有危险的反应堆尚
有待修建。
33. Instead of sunbeams, today ’s light-wave communication systems use laser light ricocheting through tiny glass fibers.
今天的光波通信系统利用的不是日光束, 而是通过细微玻璃纤维反射的激光。
34. Canada, the world ’s largest exporter of office printing paper, more than doubled its exports in
the past 15 years.
加拿大是世界上办公用纸出口量最大的国家, 在过去的15 年内，其出口量翻了一番。
35. There can be no doubt that the second 50 years of powered flight holds a challenge more
forbidding, though no less interesting.
毫无疑问，动力飞行的下一个50 年所面临的挑战会比最初的50 年更为严峻，尽管同样有趣。
36. Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications.
半导体器件也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。
31. Cramped conditions means that passengers’legs cannot move around freely.
空间狭窄, 旅客的双腿就不能自由活动
32.Non-mobile robots, capable of learning to perform an industrial task and then of being left to
perform it tirelessly, are even now in use in industrial plants all over the world.
不能行走的机器人能学会做工，并能孜孜不倦地工作，今天在世界各地的工厂里得到了使用。
33.The engine can be run at very high speeds on condition the vibrations can be damped out.
这部发动机可以很高速度运转，条件是能够把震动降低。
34.As long as a rocket burns enough fuel to provide sufficient thrust, it will contribute to increase
in speed.
只要火箭燃烧足够的燃料使它产生足够的推力，它就会不断加速。
二．短文翻译练习
37. 近年来，对于分子生物学、植物遗传学、生物化学以及相关领域的前沿研究，中国政府
给予了高度的优先权，这样能够增加农作物和牲畜产量。未来的几十年，科技肯定是中国食
品保障的重要因素之一。中国人口必然增长，经济会持续发展，而在庄稼用地和水资源方面
受到严重制约，因此，除了实现农业现代化，别无它法。(molecular biology, plant genetics, biochemistry)
In recent years the Chinese government has also given high priority to advanced research in molecular biology, plant genetics, biotechnology, and related fields, which is aimed at increasing crop yields and livestock productivity. Science and technology will certainly be among the key factors in China ’s food security during the next few decades. With China ’s inevitable population growth, its likely economic development, and its serious constraints in cropland and water, the country has no other choice than to modernize its agricultural sector.
38. As oil is found deep in the ground, its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out. If it is though
t that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a “drilling rig ”is assembled. The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called “a derrick”. It is used to lift sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling in. If oil is struck, a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and
the oil is allowed to escape through a series of values.
石油埋藏于地层深处。因此，仅研究地层表面, 无法确定有无石油，必须勘测地下的岩石结构。
如果确定了某一区域的岩石蕴藏着石油，就此安装钻机。它的主要部分是机架，用以撑起一节一节的钢管，让其下到井孔。一边钻井，一边下钢管，以防周围土层塌陷。一旦出油，就紧固管盖, 让油从各个阀门喷出。