广州中考英语专项-动词不定式
不定式在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补语。
1) 不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。
【例如】To complete a building like that in one year was quite a difficult task.
当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。
【例如】It is important for modern young people to master at least two foreign languages.
It做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：
a) It is＋形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish, inconvenient, unnecessary, right, )＋( for/of sb.)＋不定式
【例如】It is essential to reserve a table in advance of Christmas Eve.
It is hard to put my hopes into words.
It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only.
It is important for us young people to learn English and master it.
b) It is＋名词(a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing, one's duty, an honor, a shame,
a crime, no )＋不定式
It is a sheer waste of time to read that kind of trash.
It is a pity to have to go without her.
It is a glorious death to die for the people.
c) It takes (sb.) some time (hours, months, days, a lot of time, )＋不定式
It takes me three hours to learn English each day.
It took them half the night to get home in the snow.
2) 不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，
如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等。
【例如】
The most important thing for one's health is to have plenty of exercise.
What I wanted was to get the work done as quickly as possible.
3) 不定式作宾语不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语：afford, agree, apply, arrange, ask, attempt, beg, begin, care, choose, claim, consent, demand,
decide,desire,determine,expect,fail,hope,hesitate,hate,intend,learn,like,manage,mean, neglect, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, resolve, seek, tend, threaten, want等。
【例如】
I like to go out for walks in the warm sunshine in spring.
My mother hates to move from place to place, for she feels tired.
I decide to work hard and get doctor's degree.
不定式作宾语还常用在下面结构中；主语＋动词＋it＋形容词＋不定式。
【例如】
We found it impossible to get everything ready in time.
I think it important to learn English well in college.
使用这种句型的常见动词有：believe, consider, declare, feel, find, guess, imagine, prove, realize, suppose, think,等。
4)“wh＋不定式”结构不定式前加一个疑问代词(what, which, who, whom, whose)或疑问副词(where, when, how, why)，以及连词whether 构成特殊的不定式短语，具有名词性质，常在某些动词后面作宾语。
常见的可以接这种不定式短语的动词有：know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover,explain,findout,forget,guess,hear,imagine,inquire,
learn, observe, perceive, remember, think, understand, wonder等。
【例如】
I couldn't decide which book to choose.
I can tell you where to get this book.
They found it hard to decide whether to go swimming next Sunday or to visit Aunt Sally in New Year.
“wh +不定式”结构除了作宾语外，还可以在句中作主语或者表语。
【例如】 When to start the program remains undecided.
The question is how to put the plans into action.
5)不定式作状语
a)不定式作状语表示目的。或用于so as和in order之后，来强调这种目的。
【例如】
To learn a foreign language well, you must make painstaking efforts.
Mother saved every cent she could spare to pay for my schooling.
We must develop science and technology at high speed so as to raise scientific and cultural level of our country.
b)不定式表示结果，特别是在so...as to, as to, 以及等结构中的不定式表示结果。
【例如】
I rushed to the station as fast as I could, only to find the train already gone.
resolve动词变名词She left her hometown, never to return.
You are too young to have the right for voting.
C)不定式常用来修饰形容词做补语，构成下列词组：be able to, be afraid to, be bound to, be certain to, be easy to, be eager to, be fit to, be likely to, be ready to, be sure to, be unable to, be unwilling to, be willing to等。
【例如】
Chinese team is bound to win the World Cup.
It is likely to rain today, for it is very cloudy.
I am willing to help you with your homework, for we are friends.
6)不定式作宾语补语不定式常跟在下列动词之后作宾语补语：ask, advise, allow, beg, cause, command, enable, encourage, expect, feel, force, find, hear, have, inform, invite, let, make, mean, notice, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, request, teach, tell, urge, watch, warn, watch等。
【例如】
Most offices require secretaries to have specified training.
He asked you to call him at ten o'clock.
The note reminds me to be careful whatever I do.
当不定式在let, make, have, hear, look at, listen to, feel, observe, watch, notice,等动词后面作宾语补语时，不定式不带to.
【例如】 Whenever something is wrong with you, please let me know.
I will have the students write a passage about Internet.
I saw my mother shed tears（流泪）.