英译汉
第一篇
1
If a full-thickness graft to the face is necessary, there are several potential donor sites: the postauricular or supraclavicular areas and the upper eyelid.
如果面部需要全厚皮移植，有一些潜在供区:耳后或锁骨区、上眼睑。
These donor sites can a satisfactorily closed, and the skin color matches well.
这些供区能较满意的封闭，且皮肤颜相匹配。
If the defect is out of the head and neck, the groin, buttocks, and arms are good sources for full-thickness grafts.
如果头颈区有缺陷，那么腹股沟、臀部及四肢是全厚皮移植的良好来源。
2
Theoretically, split-thickness grafts can be harvested anywhere.
理论上，中厚皮移植可以用于任何地方移植。
However, if the amount of tissue is small, one should strive to take the graft from a less visible area (i.e., the buttocks or upper thigh), since the donor site, which heals by secondary intention, is often visible years later.
然而，如果需要移植量小，可以取自于隐蔽区域(如臀部或大腿)，因为通过二次修复愈合的供区在多年后才可显现出来。
Full-thickness grafts are harvested freehand using a Bard Parker No. 10 or 15 blade.
全厚皮可以通过徒手以10号或15号刀片切取。
Split-thickness grafts can be harvested in a variety of ways.
中厚皮可以多种方法获得.
A small graft can be harvested using a handdriven Weck blade, which is calibrated to harvest grafts that are 0.008, 0.010, and 0..012 inch thick.
少量皮移植可用调整为0.008,0.010或0.012英寸厚的取皮刀来取。
More commonly, a power-driven dermatome is used.
更多时候使用电动取皮刀。
3
Once the graft is harvested, it is placed in a salinesoaked sponge.
移植皮片一取好，就放置在一块盐水浸泡过的海绵。
If one wants to limit the size of the graft harvest, the graft can be meshed.
如果要限制所取皮片的大小，皮片可被制成网状皮。
A Telfa pad soaked with an epinephrine solution of 1:100 000 is placed on the donor site, unless there is a contraindication.
把一块经1:100000的肾上腺素溶液浸泡过的的Telfa衬垫放置在供皮区上，除非供区有禁忌症。
After 10 minutes, the impression of blood on the Telfa pad can be used to help locate areas that should be cauterized.
10分钟后，衬垫上的血印迹能有助于定位需烧灼的区域。
第二篇
1
All patients with a cleft lip deformity should be evaluated for a cleft lip repair, whether the deformity is unilateral or bilateral and whether it is complete or incomplete.
所有有唇裂畸形的患者都应该进行唇裂修复术的评估，无论畸形是单侧或是双侧，是完全裂或是不完全裂
The goal of a cleft lip repair include:
唇裂修复的目标有:
(1) to restore the functional and anatomic defects of the orbicularis or is muscle,
恢复口轮匝肌的功能和解剖学结构
(2) to enhance symmetric growth and development of the maxilla and hence the midface,
增进上颌骨和面中部的均衡性生长发育，
and (3)to reconstruct a facial defect and optimize the patient’s psychological self-image.
(3)重建患者面部形态并使患者心理上自我形象达到最优。
2
The basic tenets of the Millard cleft cleft lip repair are:
Millard唇裂修复的基本原则
(1) to return displaced normal tissue to its normal anatomic position as dictated by the contralateral softtissue landmarks
(1)通过比较对侧软组织标线恢复患侧异位组织到正常解剖位置，
and (2) to discard minimal tissue to best use “what we have to create what we want.”
(2)丢弃小的组织达到最佳利用“我们要创造我们想要的东西”
The reconstruction includes
重建包括
lengthening of the abnormally shortened, vertically oriented cleft lip segment,
异常短的、垂直方向的唇裂段的延长
reestablishment of the disrupted documented翻译orbicularis oris muscle,
重建中断的口轮匝肌
and recreation of the full height of the labial sulcus.
恢复上唇的唇沟全高
Symmetry of the nasal base and tip is a goal, if it is anatomically possible given the patient’s specific defects.
如果患者的具体缺陷在解剖学上是可能的，那么鼻基底和鼻尖的对称就是是修复目标。
第三篇
1
The studies didn’t just point to the ill effects of smoking on those who smoke-
-non-smokers, too, are apparently affected by the smoke from their friends, family members and strangers who light up in their presence.
研究不光指出了吸烟给烟民自己造成的危害，还指出了非吸烟者显然也会受到他们吸烟的朋友、家人或在他们面前吸烟的陌生人的伤害。
2
A steady stream of reports documented the statistical risks of contracting cancer or suffering from heart disease,
even if you’ve never put a cigarette to your lips.
即使你从来就没有吸过烟，源源不断的报告通过统计数字证明患癌症或心脏病的危险。
3
The American Heart Association last fall released a seven-year study showing that never- smoking spouses of smokers have more than a 20 percent greater chance of death from coronary heart disease than those who have never smoked who live with non-smokers.
去年秋季，美国心脏协会发表了一份历时7年的研究报告，该报告指出，烟民的配偶虽然从不吸烟，但是和那些与非吸烟者生活的配偶相比，他们死于冠心病的危险要高出20％。
That study gave more impetus to the drive to make workplaces and other public areas smoke-free                  .www.hope. net. cn/graduate/index.html
这项调查进一步推动了在工作场所和公共场所禁烟活动的开展.            www.hope. net. cn/graduate/index.html
4
The effects of smoking are hard on the children of smokers as well, the studies say.
调查还表明，烟民的孩子也深受吸烟之害。
Dr. Claude Hanet  of the St. Luc University Hospital    in Brussels, Belgium,  said earlier this year that a baby born to a smoking mother "should be considered an ex-smoker",
今年年初，比利时  布鲁塞尔圣· 卢卡大学医院的    克劳德·哈内特博士说，吸烟的母亲生下的孩子"  应被看作是有吸烟史的人"。
5
Hanet’s study cautioned that cigarette smoke was more detrimental with decreasing age.
哈内特的研究提请人们注意：年龄越小，吸烟的危害越大。
6
And a University of Birmingham, England, study, published in the British Journal of Cancer showed a possible link between fathers who smoked and an increased incidence of cancers in their children,
《英国癌症杂志》发表的一份英格兰伯明翰大学的报告显示，吸烟的父亲与其孩子患癌症比率的增加可能有联系；
while studies in the U.S. showed a possible link between smoking and DNA damage.
同时美国的研究则显示吸烟和脱氧核糖核酸受损可能有关系。
第四篇
1
Researchers have linked an infectious virus known to cause cancer in animals to chronic-fatigue syndrome,
研究人员将一种已知会导致动物癌症的传染病毒与慢性疲劳综合症联系起来，
a major discovery for sufferers of the condition and one that concerned scientists for its potential public-health implications.
这对于慢性疲劳综合症患者来说是一个重大发现，同时科学家们也担忧其潜在的公共健康影响。
2
An estimated 17 million people world-wide suffer from chronic-fatigue syndrome,
预计全世界有1,700万人患有慢性疲劳综合症，
and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention puts the U.S. figure at between one million and four million.
美国疾病控制与预防中心预计美国患此症的人数为100万-400万。
CFS is characterized by debilitating fatigue and chronic pain, but there are no specific treatments, and the diagnosis is often made by ruling out other diseases.
慢性疲劳综合症的特点是感觉衰弱疲劳并伴有长期疼痛，但没有有效的方法，其确诊通常也是通过排除其他疾病。
Thus there is disagreement in the medical community as to whether CFS is a distinct disease.
因此医学界对于慢性疲劳综合症是否为一种确定的疾病尚存争论。
A study showing a strong viral association with CFS could change that equation.
一项研究表明慢性疲劳综合症与一种强有力的病毒有关，这可能改变争论的形势。
第五篇
1
In most cases, it is healthy for cells to age and die.
在大多数情况下，细胞的老化和死亡都是正常现象。
In fact, cancer is closely associated with cells that fail to follow the normal script for cell death and instead just keep reproducing.
实际上，癌症与细胞没有遵循正常的细胞死亡过程、而是不断再生有着密切关系。
2
That is why the discovery of telomerase has also led to new insights into cancer.
正因为如此，对端粒(酶)的发现还使人们对癌症有了新的认识。
A cancer cell divides continuously, and up to 90% of human cancers require telomerase to do so.
一个癌细胞会不断地分裂，有至多90%的癌症需要端粒(酶)来实现这一过程。
Tumors somehow turn on the telomerase gene.
不知怎么回事，肿瘤会激活端粒(酶)基因。
Scientists hope to fight cancer by deactivating the enzyme.
科学家们希望通过使这种(酶)失活来癌症。
Geron Corp. of Menlo Park, Calif., has launched clinical trials to see whether a telomerase inhibitor can fight lung, breast, pancreatic and other cancers.
加州的Geron Corp.已经开始了有关端粒(酶)抑制剂是否能抵抗肺癌、乳腺癌、胰腺癌和其他癌症的临床试验。