解题技巧
高考英语江苏卷的构成自2021年起发生重大变革，其中不仅仅有听力题，完形填空题，阅读题的分值发生变化，增加了七选五题型，最重要的改革之一就是由考查学生综合语言运用能力的语法填空题代查语法词汇的单选题。语法填空题相对于整个试卷中的其他题目来说属于加分题，这就要求学生不仅要有扎实的知识基础，还要掌握一定的解题技巧。
一、语法填空题的特点
语法填空题一般是一篇含有10个空的200字左右的阅读材料。语篇文体以说明文或记叙文为主。语法填空题是从语法的角度对一片完整的短文进行适当挖空，以考查学生的语法运用能力和语篇理解能力。该题型要求学生对基础知识熟练掌握，并且能够灵活运用，更加明确了新高考背景下高中英语课程改革的教学理念是要考查学生的语篇理解能力，分析句子结构的能力和运用语法及词法的能力。
二、语法填空题的解题技巧
本研究采用文本分析法，以2021年1月浙江高考英语试卷中的语法填空题为例，浅谈几种语法填空题的解题方法。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a study of 33years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数)across 200countries,the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 56that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 57gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.It is calculated by dividing a 58(per-son)weight in kg by their height in meters squared,and a BMI of between 19and 2559(consider)healthy.
The study found that between 1985and 2017,aver-age rural BMI increased 60  2.1in women and men.In cities,however,the gain 61(be)1.3in women and 1.6in men.The researchers described “striking changes ”in the geography of BMI.In 1985,urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 62(study)had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.But 30years later,the BMI difference between urban and ruralpeopleinmanycountrieshadnarrowed 63(sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for peo-ple 64(live)in the countryside,including 65(low)levels of income and education,higher costs of healthy foods,and fewer sports facilities.
(一)阅读全文，理解语篇
教师应让学生明白要想高效率完成语法填空题，首先要通读短文了解文章大意，对文本有整体的认知后才能运用已经掌握的语法知识、词法知识、生活常识、文化知识等进行分析研究并且正确填空。
这篇文章主要讲农村地区的BIM(体重指数)相比城市地区上升得快，主要是因为农村人口的生活方式
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解题技巧
（包括运动和饮食）不太健康以及受教育程度不是特别
高。
(二)先易后难，逐个击破
在语法填空题中有单词提示的题目相对来说比较
容易，其考查目标比较明确，如：名词单复数，所有格；
动词时态语态，非谓语动词；人称代词主格和宾格，物
主代词，反身代词，不定代词；形容词副词词性变化，比
较级最高级表达；数词基数序数词的变化，等等。
如：第58题It is calculated by dividing a58(per-
son)weight in kg by their height in 考
查名词的词形变化。Person和weight为所属关系，答
案为person’s。第59题考动词的被动语态and a BMI
of between19and2559(consider)healthy.涉及到句
式结构的分析，前面有and连接，所以and后面的句子
是需要有完整的谓语，BMI属于专有名词，用谓语is
considered即可。第61题In cities,however,the gain61
(be)1.3in women and1.6in men.主语是the gain考查
主谓一致所以答案是was与前文时态一致。第62题
In1985,urban men and women in more than three quar-
ters of the countries62(study)had higher BMIs than
men and women in rural areas.空格中应填studied作为
一个后置定语修饰前面的名词countries。第63题ru-
ral people in many countries had narrowed63(sharp)，
考查形容词词性变换sharply副词修饰动词。第64题
考查非谓语This may be due to some disadvantages for
people64(live)in the countryside，动词living作后置
定语修饰people。第65题考查形容词的比较级includ-
ing65(low)levels of income and education,higher
costs of healthy foods,and fewer 这里
强调农村和城市的对比，后面有higher所以这个地方
用lower。综上所述，解答语法填空题中的有提示词部
分主要根据语篇意义，词法结构来完成。
(三)瞻前顾后，排除难点
没有提示词的空格主要考查：固定短语搭配，如
consist of,rather than；从句引导词who,what,that.
where,how,which；连词，关系短语and,or,but,so,for,
while,despite，but also,as ,nei-
<；介词in,at,on,before,during冠词a,an,the和
副词never,much,however,yet；代词it，this，that等。
如第56题考查并列连词and,the scientists found
that people worldwide are getting heavier56that
most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.and
表并列关系，后面的宾语从句与前一个宾语从句是并
列关系。第57题考查从句引导词，BMI is an interna-
tionally recognized measurement tool57gives an indi-
cation of whether someone is a healthy weight.That/
which引导定语从句修饰先行词tool。第60题考查固
定搭配The study found that between1985and2017,av-
erage rural BMI increased60  2.1in women and men.
固定搭配increase by+数字表示“上升了……”。
(四)再读全文，认真检查
最后一步，教师应指导学生认真再次通读短文，核
查答案是否符合语篇要求，语意要求。
总之，在日常教学中教师应该总结语法填空题的
特点，研究其解题技巧，指导学生在语法填空题上取得
weight的最高级高分。
（作者单位：江苏省泗洪姜堰高级中学）
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