礼貌原则下英汉委婉语的比较研究
摘要
语言是文化的主要组成部分。委婉语作为人类交流的有效润滑剂,不仅是一种语言现象,也是一种文化现象。不同的文化呈现不同的委婉语，不同的委婉语反映不同的文化。纵观国内外委婉语的研究历史,许多中外学者曾从语义学、社会语言学、修辞学、心理学和语用学等不同角度研究委婉语,并且取得了可喜的成果。随着国际交流的日益频繁,不同语言的民族交往越来越多,因此跨文化交流中委婉语的解读变得尤为重要。礼貌是委婉语使用的根源之一 ,因此本文从礼貌原则为研究理论进行研究。一种礼貌原则是Brown和Levinson在英语文化背景提出的,这种礼貌原则虽然一定程度上具有普遍性,但不能充分解释其他文化中的特别礼貌现象。为了解读和揭示礼貌原则下委婉语在不同语言文化中的应用,然后在礼貌原则下中成功地应用委婉语,本文采用文献研究法和案例分析法尝试从礼貌原则的角度对英汉委婉语进行对比研究，旨在探究在不同文化中英汉委婉语的异同，以帮助语言学习者在不同的语言文化中更恰当的使用委婉语。
关键词：委婉语；礼貌原则；比较研究；

Abstract
Language is a major part of culture. Euphemism, as an effective lubricant of human communication, is not only a linguistic phenomenon, but also a cultural one. Different cultures are the presence of present different euphemisms,different euphemisms are the reflection of different culture . Reviewing the history of euphemism studies at home and abroad, many scholars have studied euphemism from different perspectives, such as semantics, sociolinguistics, rhetoric, psychology and pragmatics, and have achieved gratifying results. With the increasing frequency of international communication, there are more and more exchanges between people who speak in different languages, so the interpretation of euphemism becomes particularly important in cross-cultural communication. Politeness is the main cause of euphemism,and the politeness principle is the main guidline for people to use emplemisms. so the theoretical structure of this paper consists of two politeness principles. scholarsA politeness principle was put forward by Brown and Levinson,with English culture as its background, although politeness principle is universal to a certain extent, it does not fully explain the phenomenon of special politeness in other c
ultures. In order to interpret and reveal the comparative study of euphemisms under the politeness principle and to interpret and apply euphemisms successfully under the politeness principle, this paper attempts to make a of English and Chinese euphemisms in different cultures under the politeness principle. This paper adopts the literature research and case analysis as its researh method to explore similarities and differences of euphemismsin  English and Chinese,aims at helping language learners to use euphemism more properly in different cultures.
Key words: Euphemism;The Politeness Principle; Comparative study;
Contents

1 Introduction
Euphemism, as an integral part of language, is not only a common cultural phenomenon, but also a social phenomenon, which plays a very important role in human's everyday com
munication. Euphemism has been widely used in every language and culture since coming into being. The main purpose of using it for human being is to avoid mentioning things which are believed to be unpleasant, embarrassing or taboo topics directly. For this reason, people begin to use vague and roundabout words to replace those unspeakable or direct things. No matter it is ancient history or in modern society, people always have certain intentions of avoiding talking about something in a direct way. So, in some situations, people prefer to use vague, mild, polite, and even flattering languages, otherwise those they many feel harsh, direct, unpleasant or even offensive. It really does a great favor to people in daily communication.