2023年高考英语阅读理解 专题04 猜词题
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专题04 猜词题
Part1 技巧导图Part2 知识详解Part3 词义猜测题特点Part4 词义猜测题七大猜词技巧Part5 构词法基础知识
Part1 技巧导图
Part2 知识详解
Part3 词义猜测题特点
猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。同时，考生应掌握一些猜词技巧，通过定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义、构词、常识及上下文线索等确定词义。
词义猜测题思维导图
【设问形式】
•The underlined word “ … ” refers to/ (probably) means     .
•“…” as used in the passage can best be defined as…
•What do you think the expression “…” stands for?
•What  does the underlined word “…” refer to in the last paragraph?
•Which of the following words can take the place of the word “ … ”?
•The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by…
•Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ … ”?
•What does the author mean by “…” in paragraph 2?
Part4 词义猜测题七大猜词技巧
1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测
有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。标点符号，如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如：
例子1
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
29．Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．Complex.             B．Advanced.
C．Powerful.        D．Modern.
【真题小练 】 (浙江2019.6 阅读理解B）
 Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union
Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with
pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need."
(     )What does the expression "money with no strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean?
     A.Money spent without hesitation.          B.Money not legally made.
     C.Money offered without conditions.        D.Money not tied together.
2.根据同位关系进行猜测
阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，因此可利用同位关系对前面的词义或句意进行猜测。例如：
例子2
I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips — of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor (捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.
29．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1?
A．provider        B．delivery man
C．collector        D．medical doctor
3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、派生等)进行猜测
在英语中，有很多词可以通过增加前缀和后缀的方式，构成新词。乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但在掌握了一定的构词知识之后，就不难猜出它的词义。例如：
①“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10，” Anaclerio said, “and they're very interactive and creative in that they built a sense of drama based on a subject.”
文中interactive是由前缀inter(相互的)和active(活动的，活跃的)构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。
②Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred?
possibility是possible的同根名词，据此可以判断possibility的意思是“可能性”。
例子3
A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness,_or worry.
[分析]　根据构词法知识我们可知，un为否定前缀，ness为名词后缀，easy(舒适)为词根。因此，我们可猜测uneasiness为“不安；担忧”之意。
accessible反义词前缀 (全国II 2014 阅读理解A）
         My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had give
n his new telephone number to a friend.  That  family  not  only  returned the important documents to us that day, but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.
(     )What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean?
A.showed.  B. sent out.     C. delivered.     D. gave back
4.根据因果关系进行猜测
在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以出原因。例如：
例子4
If you have a_juicer,_you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “softserve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children's party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
26．What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?
A．A dessert.        B．A drink.
C．A container.        D．A machine.
5.根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测
文章中的代词it, that, he, him或them可以指代上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指代一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查；有时也需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事物。例如：
例子5
[2]Despite the celebrations, though, in the U．S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.