^1
嗨我是John Green
Hi. I'm John Green
这里是速成课“大历史”
and this is Crash Course Big History,
在这门课中我们将会学习所有一切事物的历史
in which we'll be looking at the history of, like, everything.
我说的是宇宙138亿年的历史
I'm talking about 13.8 billion years,
从大爆炸到此时此刻
from the big bang to now.
我的意思是在这个系列中
I mean, in this series,
我们将会一丝不苟地为你讲述
we are literally going to attempt to tell you
道格拉斯·亚当斯著名的故事
the story of what Douglas Adams famously called
《生命宇宙及一切》
"life, the universe, and everything".
老师！老师！
Mr Green! Mr Green!
这不是历史
That's not history
这是科学
That's science,
书呆子才喜欢科学！
and science is for nerds!
噢过去的我
Oh, me from the past!
事情会变得更简单
Things would be so much easier for you
如果你能安心接受自己事实上就是个书呆子的话！
if you would just accept that you are, in fact, a nerd!
没关系的！
And that's okay!
我是说看看这张照片伙计！
I mean, look at this picture, dude!
总之学者们通常把历史描述成
Anyway,academics often describe history as like,
从我们开始写字对事件进行记录之后所发生的一切事情
all the stuff that's happened since we started writing things down, 但历史之所以从此开始算起
but they only start there
只是因为从这时候起我们能获得的信息比较多
because that's where we have the best information.
是的我认为文字是一项非常重要的发明
And yeah, I think that the advent of writing was a huge deal, 显而易见
obviously,
但把其作为历史的起点
but as a start date for history,
就实在太随意了
it's totally arbitrary!
这就好比我们在沙地上画下一根线然后说
It's just a line we drew in the sand and said
“好的历史就从这里开始！”
"okay, history begins now!"
在大历史课程中
In Big History,
我们将会从历史真正的起源开始探索
we're gonna start history when it really starts
至少我们是这么认为的
at least, we think
从宇宙的诞生开始
at the creation of the universe,
我们将会在历史结束的地方结尾
and we're gonna end that story where it ends
请在我死了之后再结尾！
please let that be after I die!
好吧我猜结尾肯定会在我死了之后
Well, I guess it will definitely be after I die,
好吧我希望我死了之后过一阵再结尾！
just- I want it to be a while after I die!
所以在这门课中我们甚至会挑战传统的历史学家
So we're even gonna terrify traditional historians
我们会运用物理学来对未来进行一些预测
by using physics to make some predictions about the future, 我们的结尾将会在从现在起往后的NNN年
and we're gonna end many trillions
我们的结尾将会在从现在起往后的NNN年
and trillions of years from now,
当宇宙本身
when the universe itself,
剧透警报
spoiler alert:
灭亡
dies.
至少在一定程度上可以这么说
At least, in a manner of speaking.
ヽ(*´∀｀*)ノ
Hey!
我不是John
I'm not John.
如果你觉的我们俩长得有点像
If you're thinking we look a little bit the same,
因为我们是亲兄弟
that's because we're brothers.
我是Hank
I'm Hank.
总之
Anyway,
如果你想用我们学习美国238年历史所花的同样的时间
if you wanna learn the 13.8 billion year history of the universe 来学习宇宙138亿年的历史的话
in the same amount of time that we usually
来学习宇宙138亿年的历史的话
cover the 238 years of American history,
我们学习的分辨率肯定会不一样
you're not gonna get the same resolution.
但我们在大历史中无法这么做
but we just can't do that in Big History.
宇宙的故事中存在更宏大的历史问题
There are much broader historical
宇宙的故事中存在更宏大的历史问题
questions in the story of the universe
这些问题我们只有当我们将视野放到无限大时才能探索一二
that can only be explored by zooming out to the ultimate scale. 随着你的视野不断扩大
As you zoom out,
你会看到更丰富的画面
you see a lot more of the picture.
细节变得不那么重要
The details get a little fuzzy,
但我们很快意识到
but we quickly realize
历史就是所有一切
that history is everything.
宇宙学
Cosmology,
地理学
geology,
文学
literature,
物理学
<
所有一切！
Everything!
你可能会觉的这么大的范围会充斥着过多的内容
You might think that such a scale would
你可能会觉的这么大的范围会充斥着过多的内容
be filled with way too much detail,
但回答一个问题需要解释的内容
but the amount of detail an answer requires,
取决于问题的核心
depends on the nature of the question.
有些问题只有通过放大思考的视野才能被探索
Some questions can only be explored by zooming out. 这就是大历史的作用
That is what Big History does.
说到放大视野
Speaking of zoomed out,
这是地球升起的照片
this is Earthrise,
人类历史中最著名的照片之一
one of the most famous photographs of all time.
威廉·安德斯
William Anders,
号的宇航员
an Apollo astronaut,
拍摄于1968年
took it in 1968.
从宇宙的另一端
From the surface of another world,
我们的星球看起来就像太空中的一个小球
we see our planet as a little ball in space.
83
没有边界
No borders,
没有人
no people,
没有建筑
crash是什么意思
no buildings.
只有海洋云层和大陆被太阳照亮着
Just oceans and clouds and continents
只有海洋云层和大陆被太阳照亮着
being shined upon by the sun.
这样一个宏伟的视野角度带给了我很多启发
That sheer expansion of scale gives me perspective.
让我不禁开始想象地球上复杂的生命万物
It lets me imagine all the complexity of life on Earth,
从汽油发动机带动汽车载着我去录影棚
from the gasoline engine that powered my trip to the studio, 到尼泊尔的政治动荡
to political instability in Nepal
欣欣向荣
as part of a thriving,
充满生机
living,
数量惊人的生命体
teeming mass of life floating
都在这宇宙的虚无当中
in the emptiness of space.
所以就像这张照片给物理学界带来启发一样
So what that photograph does for physical space,
大历史的定位瞄准的是更广袤的一切
big history aims to do for everything.
我的意思是我们想要将所有的存在放在整个宇宙中来思考
I mean, we wanna contextualize all of existence.
我们想要概括最有影响力最重要的突破
We wanna outline the most powerful0
我们想要概括最有影响力最重要的突破
and important breakthroughs,1
囊括世界上大规模的物质存在
the tremendous scale of existence2
解释我们如何推断出现在已知的这些内容
and how we know what we know,3
以及我们为什么确定我们是对的
and why we're sure we know it.4
好的让我们开启“思想泡泡”
Alright, let's go to the thought bubble.5
所以宇宙很大
So the universe is big.6
非常非常大
Like, really big.7
宇宙同时也很老
And it's also old.8
有着138亿年的岁数
Like, 13.8 billion years old,9
这个时间跨度很长