高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习
虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
（1）表示与现在事实相反
If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.
（2）表示与过去事实相反
If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.
（3）表示与将来事实相反
I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.
1. 虚拟条件句的倒装
在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.
Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？
2. 错综时间条件句
有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。例如：
If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.
3. 含蓄条件句
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如：
But for the help from you ， I would not have had the chance to go to college.
二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用
在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气，表示愿望、建议或命令等。根据虚拟语气的形式不同，虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。
（一）should类
这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的，should可以省略。其具体运用体现在：
1. 在suggest ， order， demand ， propose， command， request， desire，insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。
如：He suggests that she should leave the house at once.
The leader ordered that the task（should） be finished as soon as possible.
He proposed that we （should）deal with the problem by the view of development.
2. 与suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，desire，insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion，order，demand，proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：The general sent the order that the battle （should）be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.
My proposal is that we（should） set a deadline for handing in the plan.
3. 在It is/was suggested （ordered，demanded，proposed，etc.）结构以及necessary，essential，important，strange，natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：
It’s requested that we （should）keep the stability of the society for the people’s peaceful life.
It is necessary that the badly wounded man（should） be treated immediately. （二）过去时态类
英语中，还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子，也要使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态（如：一般过去时、过去完成时等）来体现的。
1. wish，would rather 后的宾语从句。如：
He wished he had never been involved in such affairs.
I would rather you could teach me again.
2. as if，as though引导的从句。如：
The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.
exitedHe acted as usual as though nothing had happened.
3. 由if only （要是……，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。如：
If only I had passed the test！
If only it stopped raining！
4. It is（about/high） time 后的定语从句。如：
It is time we went out for a walk.
It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment.
三、虚拟语气的其它用法
在英语中，一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子，也需要使用虚拟语气。如：
Would you mind smoking here？
May you be lucky！
Long live the people of China！
God save me.
虚拟语气练习题
1．After inspecting the building, specialists discovered some faults that otherwise ________. A．had been overlooked B．were overlooked
C．would have been overlooked D．would be overlooked
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意：在检查了这幢大楼之后，专家们发现了一些本来会忽略的错误。根据语境，该句可以转化成虚拟条件句：If they hadn’t inspected the building，some faults would have been overlooked。该句是对过去的虚拟，主句部分应用would have done 形式，故C选项正确。
2．_______ more energy to my study instead of being crazy about computer games, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.
A．If I devoted B．Had I devoted
C．Would I be devoted D．Should I be devoted
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查时间错综的虚拟条件句。此处主句用过去完成时，表示与过去的事实相反，如果省略if要用倒装句；从句用would + 动词原形的形式，表示与现在的事实相反。
3． ________ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.
A．Hadn’t it been B．Had it not been C．Was it not D．Were it not
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析：考查虚拟语气。本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故从句用had + v-ed，主句用would/could/should/might + have + v-ed。这里的从句用了倒装结构Had it not been=" If" it had not been。句意：要不是她摔断了腿这样的事实，她也许会通过考试。故B正确。
考点：考查虚拟语气
4． If he _____ his legs in the last training, he _____ the coming World Cup, which he has been longing to compete in.
A．hadn’t hurt; would join in
B．hadn’t hurt; would have taken part in
C．didn’t hurt; would go in for
D．didn’t hurt; would have taken part in
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析：句意：如果他在上一次的训练中没有受伤，他就能参加世界杯，这是他梦寐以求的要参加的。这是虚拟语气，条件状语从句是对过去的虚拟，所以用had done，根据the coming World Cup主句是对将来的虚拟，所以用would do，故选A。
考点：考查虚拟语气的用法。
点评：本题难度适中。混合虚拟对于学生来说是难点，考生看到了last training，误选B，认为主句和从句都是对过去的虚拟，本题的关键在于对于he has been longing to这个动词的时态判定上。
即学即练：_________ last as his coach suggested, he wouldn’t have narrowly escaped being killed.
A.Hadn’t the skydiver exited
B. If the skydiver hadn’t exited
C. Should the skydiver not exit
D. If the skydiver wouldn’t exit
解析：B。根据下半句，可以看出是与过去事实相反，所以上半句应该用过去完成时，而A 项结构不对，故选B。
5．Experts advised that parents ______ children from doing homework by using electronic equipment too much.
A．discouraged B．discourage
C．would discourage D．have discouraged
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
考查
【详解】
句意：专家建议，家长们不要让孩子们过多地使用电子设备来做作业。此处是advise“建议”+that从句的用法，在that从句中用should+do形式的特殊用法，should可以省略，故选B项。
6．—Don’t forget to bring your camera with you,Jack.
—Oh,thank you.I wouldn’t bring it if you ________ me.
A．w ouldn’t remind B．haven’t reminded
C．shouldn’t h ave reminded D．hadn’t reminded
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查错综条件的虚拟语气。句意：——不要忘记带上你的相机，杰克。——啊，谢谢。如
果你不提醒我，我不会带的。本题主句涉及的时间是将来，从句涉及的时间是过去，条件从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时，谓语动词的形式要根据各自所表示的时间来调整，这种现象叫做错综时间虚拟语气。本题从句表示与过去事实相反，过去事实上是“提醒”了，故用过去完成时。
7．Don't come tonight, I would rather you ________ tomorrow.
A．come B．came C．will come D．coming
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意：今晚不要来，我宁愿你明天来。would rather (that) sb did sth表示主语宁愿某人做了或没做某事，一般用于虚拟语气。故选B。
8．—1 am so nervous. I have a feeling that I am gonna be embarrassed in the interview.
—If I were you, I ______ for it last night instead of watching movies.
A．would prepare B．prepared
C．had prepared D．would have prepared
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意：——我感到非常紧张。我有一种感觉，我在面试中会很尴尬。——如果我是你，昨晚我会准备面试而不是看电影。此处是if条件从句的虚拟语气，从句与现在事实相反，主句表示与过去的事实相反，用would have+过去分词，故选D.
9．—I’m worried about the sports meet. Do you think it will be postponed?
—If it ______ rain tomorrow, but actually the weather forecast has removed our worry. A．could B．would
C．might D．Should
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析：考查虚拟语气。从第二句后半句可知，明天不会下雨，因此判断为虚拟语气，而对将来的虚拟应用should + do，故选D。句意，——我很担心明天的运动会，你觉得会被推迟吗？——如果明天下雨的话会，但事实上天气预报已经排除了这一担忧。
考点：考查定虚拟语气
10．It’s too bad that my computer has got a new virus. If only I __________that programme! A．didn’t run B．haven’t run
C．hadn’t run D．wouldn’t run
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