一.解释下列缩写词(每题2分，共20分)
例：WAN: Wide Area Network 广域网
1.CPU  中央处理器Central Processing Unit
2.PC  personal computer 个人计算机
3.LAN  Local Area Network:  局域网
4.www www :
world wide web，万维网
5.ISP  Internet Server Provider，Internet服务提供商)
6.RAM
random-access memory 随机存取存储(器)
7.ROM  read only memory  只读存储器              8.CU  controlrandom翻译
unit        控制单元
9. ALU  arithmetic/logic unit  算术/逻辑单元  10.DNS
domain name system  域名系统
二.选择最佳答案.(每题2分，共20分)
1. When you hear the word computer, initially you may
think of those found in the workplace, the computers
used to _D____,
A  create business letters, memos, and other correspondence
B  calculate payroll
C  or generate invoice
D all of above
2. information is data that _D_____
A  is organized
B  has meaning
C  is useful
D  all of the above
3. ___C ___ drives can erase and store date.
A  CD-ROM
B  DVD-ROM
C  CD-RW
D  all of above
4. Many Web page address begin with __B____,which stands for
a set of rules that defines
how pages transfer on the internet.
A  W2C
B  http
C  hits
D  pop
5. _C___, the heart of a computer, can only understand 0 or
1.It’s very interesting!
A  PCI
B  HDD
C  CPU
D  HFF
6. There are input devices except __C____
A  keyboard
B  scanner 扫描仪
C  monitor 显示器
D  mouse
7.There are __C__ parts of a keyboard
A  6
B  2
C  4
D  3
8. The control unit fetches ___A_from memory and decodes them
A  instructions
B  information
C  results
D  data
9. When power is removed information in the RAM is __B____
A reliable
B  lost
C  manipulated
D  remain
10. What is a URL? ___B__
A. A software package used to cruise the World Wide Web.
B. The address of a resource on the Internet.
C. The term used to describe an Internet wizard.
D. A live chat program.
三.填写合适的单词.(每题2分，共20分)
1. CPU, the___ heart___of a computer, can only understand 0 or 1.
CPU，电脑的心脏部分，只能理解为0或1.
2. A(n) __monitor__　which look like a television screen is used to display text and graphics.
一个显示器这些看起来像电视荧屏用来显示文本和图形。
3. A web __browser___ is application software that allows users to access and view Web pages.
网页浏览器是应用软件，允许用户获取和浏览网页。
4. __Data__ is collection of unorganized facts that can include words, numbers, pictures, sounds, and videos.
数据收集起来的事实，可以包括话语、数字、图像、声音和视频。5. The __control__ unit, one component of the CPU, directs and coordinates most of the operations of in the Computer.
控制单元,CPU的一个组成部分，指导并协调运作的大部分在计算机
6. The arithmetic/logic unit, another component of the CPU, performs the _arithmetic___ comparison, and logical operations.
算术逻辑单元，另一个组成部分，执行算术比较CPU，逻辑运算。
7. An expansion __slot___ is an opening, or socket, where a circuit board can be inserted into the motherboard.
一个扩展槽内是一个开放的地方，或者插座、电路板可以被插入到主板上。
8. An _program___ is series of instructions that tells a computer how to perform the tasks necessary to process data into information
一个项目是一系列的指令告诉计算机如何执行任务过程数据转化为信息的必要
9. The CPU uses temporary storage locations called __register__,to hold data and instruction.
中央处理器使用临时存储位置称为注册保存数据和指令。
10. Eight bits grouped together as a unit are called a __byte_.
8比特组合在一起作为一个整体被称为一个字节.
四.阅读：(每题2分，共20分)
1. Data is organized, has meaning, and is useful.F
数据组织、有意义的，是有用的
2. Microphones and PC cameras are output devices.F
麦克风和PC相机是输出设备
3. CPU contains the control unit, the
arithmetic/logic unit and register.T
CPU包含控制单元，算术逻辑单元和登记
4. The CPU can use registers to hold data and instructions permanently.F
中央处理器可以使用寄存器来保存数据和指令永久
5. Once the micro-code is programmed into the PROM chip, it cannot be erased or changed.T
一旦micro-code是编程到舞会芯片，它不能被删除或改
6. Accessing data in memory can be more than 200,000 times slower than that on F
访问内存中的数据可能超过比慢200000倍
7. You can interact with the computer by touching the surface of the touchpad with your fingertip, which acts as an input device. T
你可以与计算机交互通过触摸的表面，用你的指尖触摸板作为一个输入设备
8. Every domain name contains a top-level domain, which identifies the type of organization associated with the domain.T
每个域名包含一个顶级域的类型，将组织相关的领域
9. A standard computer keyboard sometimes is called a QWERTY keyboard its layout is named after the first six leftmost letters on the top alphabetic line of the keyboard.T
一个标准的电脑键盘有时被称为一个QWERTY键盘布局是它的名字命名的方式一个个测试它的前六个字母放在最上面的字母线的键盘
10. When instructed to press a function key such as F1, please press the letter F followed by the number 1, instead press the key labeled F1.F
按指示功能键，如F1的，请按字母F，紧随其后的是世界第一，而不是按F1键标示
六. 翻译(每题10分，共20分)
As technology advances and computers extend into every facet of daily living, it is  essential you gain some level of computer literacy. To be successful in today’s world, you must have a knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses.
。随着技术的进步和计算机扩展到日常生活的每一个方面，重要的是你获得了某种程度的计算机知识。是成功的在今天的世界上，你必须有一个认识和了解计算机及其应用。
2 The system unit is a box-like case housing the electronic
components of a computer that are used to process data. System unit components include the processor, memory module, expansion cards, and ports and connetors.
系统单元是一个盒状外壳的电子元件，计算机进行数据处理。系统单元部件包括处理器，存储器模块，展卡，以及港口和connetors。一．
1 central processing unit    中央处理机，中央处理装置
2 personal computers      个人电脑
3 local area network        局部(地区)网(络)
4 world wide web        全球资讯网
5 internet service provider    网际网络服务提供者
6 random access memory    随机存取存储(器)
7 read only memory        只读存储器8 control unit              控制单元
9 arithmetic/logic unit  算术/逻辑单元10 domain name system  域名系统
二．1-5 DDCBC 6-10 CCABB
3．    1 heart2 monitor3 browser4 data5 control6 arithmetic7 slot8 program9 register10 byte
4．  1-5.FFTFT  6-10. FTTTF
五．1 随着技术的进步，计算机渗入到日常生活的各个领域，因此，人们有必要具备某种程度的计算机文化素养。为了能在今天世界取得成功，必须具备一些计算机及其使用方面的知识。
2 系统单元是安装进行数据处理的计算机电子部件的地方。系统单元部件包括处理器、存储器模块、扩充卡、端口和连接器等。
a clusters is the smallest unit of space used to store data（簇是存储数据最小的空间单位）
Wireless transmission media used in communications（通信中用到的无线传输媒介）
Unit 2
1. Describe the organization of basic computer systems.
A computer generally consists of three subsystems: the CPU, memory, and the input/output subsystem. These subsystems communicate with each other using buses. The processor sends out the address to be accessed in memory or the address of the I/O device via the address bus. The data bus carries data between the subsystems. Information sent on the control bus coordinates all data transfers.
计算机通常由三个子系统组成：中央处理器，存储器，以及输入/输
出子系统。这些子系统互相沟通使用巴士。该处理器发出的地址来访问内存或地址的输入/输出设备通过地址总线。数据总线进行各子系统之间的数据。信息发送控制总线上的坐标的所有数据传输。
2. How does a processor process an instruction?
To process an instruction, the processor goes through an instruction cycle. This, in turn, consists of cycles to fetch an instruction from memory, decode the instruction, and execute the instruction. All instructions are fetched and decoded in the same way, but the execute cycle is different for every inst
ruction.
如何做一个处理器处理指令？处理指令，处理器通过一个指令周期。这，反过来，包括周期取指令从存储器，解码指令，并执行指令。所有指令是牵强，解码方式相同，但执行周期是不同的每个指令。
3. How many sections are there in a CPU, and what are their functions?
The CPU has three sections: the register section is used for data storage. It contains the registers of the processor’s ISA as well as other registers not directly accessible by the programmer. The arithmetic/logic unit performs computations on data with the CPU. Since it must complete its operations within a single clock cycle, it is constructed using only combinatorial logic. The control unit outputs signals to control the rest of the processor. By outputting the control signals in the correct order, it causes the processor to fetch, decode, and execute instructions.
4. How many types of memory chips are used in computer design, and what are their main features?
There are several types of memory chips used in computer design. The data in read only memory chips, including ROM, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM, is fixed; their data does not change, and remains valid when the computer is turned off. The computer can modify the contents of random acc
ess memory, SRAM, and DRAM: its contents are lost when power is turned off. Internally, all memory chips are organized as linear arrays or multi-dimensional arrays. Decoders select the memory location specified by the memory chip’s address inputs.
多少有节中央处理器，和他们有什么功能？中央处理器有三个部分：注册部分是用于存储数据。它包含的处理器寄存器的伊萨以及其他寄存器程序员不能直接访问的。算术/逻辑单元执行计算的数据处理器。因为它必须完成其操作在一个时钟周期，它只采用组合逻辑构造。控制单元输出的控制信号处理器的休息。输出控制信号，以正确的顺序，这会导致处理器读取，解码，并执行指令。