2018年1月20日雅思阅读考情回顾
一、 考试时间：2018年1月20日（周六）
二、 考试概述：本次考试临近期末，考生数量不多，因此回忆的内容相对稀缺。第一篇是the mystery of the arctic，介绍人类历史上对于北极的探险，是2016年5月21日，2014年10月25日的旧题，航海相关的话题，在官方指南上出现多次，比如第一套的第一篇the dover bronze-age boat，跟这一篇非常像。第二篇importance of law介绍法律，疑似新题，且雅思真题体系中涉及法律的话题一向较少。第三篇remember this-good memory，是2013年9月7日的旧题，介绍的是两个记忆力缺陷的案例。
三、文章简介
Passage 1: the mystery of the arctic，神秘的北极
Passage 2: importance of law，法律的重要性
Passage 3: remember this-good memory，好的记忆力有多重要
四、篇章分析：
Passage 1：
文章内容
本章讲了在北极发现了一艘沉船，经过调查，发现沉船的原因与船内供水系统出现问题有关，因为一些船员有铅中毒迹象。同时文章还涉及到了一部分因纽特人对于本次发现的辅助作用。
题型分布与答案参考
判断题1-7
1. many unsuccessful expedition attempts to find out the Franklin expedition T
unsuccessful限定词定位原文的failed
原文第一段倒数第一句话，出现逻辑转折词but也很好定位，tones of
Expedition set out to find Franklin expedition but failed to ...
2. it is the first time 专家 xx worked with Inuit scientist researching this
Franklin expedition NOT GIVEN
注意题目的后置定语researching this Franklin expedition
和序数词 first time，是不是第一次和因纽特研究这个任务的专家工作题目并有说，只是说第一次发现这个遗骸。是不是第一次与因纽特专家合作我们并不清楚。
3. b专家support the earlier finding F ，原文第六段的最后一句话，“but”出现转折说专家berk认为还有他因。
4. b believe people background affects the reasons for this wreck. F
人们的文化背景是倒数第二段f专家的观点，b只说了在船上人们要用水煮食物不代表他们的background就是吃水煮食物，常识想想加拿大人好想也习惯吃水饺吧哈哈哈
6.outside Inuit’s people doubt the first explanation T,文倒数第二段，当地人由于口口相传都深信了第一种解释但外面的人们不会收到这background的影响
7.B专家 unwilling to share his research 在其他人到这个franlin遗迹前，
因为他说他希望这个能得到人们的保护，人们也能gain advantage
填空题：8-13
在极低的unusual 8.Magnet 的影响导致勘探无法使用指南针只可以用9.sonar 定位方向.
Three theory：
10 tined contaminated food导致了船员的死亡。
11. water need ines 导致这次事故
Inuit’s people are used to telling 13 stories
modulate
相关拓展
以下是文章的内容回忆：
One of the most famous ships lost in the 19th century has been located in the Arctic, the Canadian government announced Tuesday, prompting Prime Minister Stephen Harper to declare that "one of Canada's greatest mysteries" has been solved.
The shipwreck marks the final resting place of one of two vessels that disappeared mysteriously nearly 170 years ago, when a British naval expedition led by Sir John Franklin was attempting to navigate and map the Northwest Passage.
The ships, the H.M.S. Erebus and H.M.S. Terror, were lost in 1846 and both crews perished. Although the graves of a few of the men were discovered later on land and local Inuit reported seeing one of the ships sink, exactly what happened to the ill-fated voyage has been a source of intense debate and speculation over the years. (See "5 Shipwrecks Lost to Time That Archaeologists Would Love to Get Their Hands On.")
But now Canadian authorities have released sonar images of what appears to be a largely intact ship near Nunavut's King William Island, thanks to a remotely operated vehicle owned by Parks Canada.
"There is no doubt" that the ship is either the Erebus or Terror, says James Delgado, a maritime and shipwreck historian with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Delgado had previously looked for the ships in the Arctic but was not involved with Canada's efforts, which he said were "years in the making."
"I think this will prove to be one of the great maritime archaeological discoveries of our time," says Delgado, who wrote the book Across the Top of the World: The Quest for the Northwest Passage.
According to Delgado, the Franklin expedition was one of the best equipped and most experienced voyages to tackle the Northwest Passage in the mid-19th century. Finding a route across the top of North America was long seen as a holy grail in navigation that would provide a quicker route from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
"It wasn't quite mounting a mission to the moon, but it was darn close," he said.
The expedition sailed from England in 1845. The ships met whalers as they entered the chilly waters around northern Canada. Then an expectant world outside was met with silence.
"It turned out to be one of the most compelling 'what happened' stories," says Delgado. Numerous rescue and then archaeological attempts were made in the ensuing years, by teams from several countries.
A few graves of crew were eventually found on Beechey Island. Cut marks left on human bones found on King William Island have been interpreted to suggest the survivors practiced cannibalism.
A note left by a crew member said Franklin had died and the ships had been abandoned, but didn't give any details. Inuit said they saw one of the ships sink rapidly into the water, but later historians argued that the vessels were more likely dashed to bits by the ice.
Delgado says the fact that the shipwreck appears to be largely intact is great news for learning more about what happened to the expedition.
There is a good chance that books and letters on board may have been preserved in the cold water, he said. And the crew was known to have daguerreotype equipment. "We know those photographic plates have survived on other shipwrecks in cold conditions, so who knows what might be on them?" asks Delgado.
He adds that the ship is likely to be a "time capsule" that sheds light not only on what happened to its crew, but also on the era. Uncovering that trove has been a big challenge over the years, thanks to cold temperatures, pack ice, and the vastness of the remote area.
"If the Canadians decide to do more research, I think this ship will begin to speak for those men, or if we can find their writings, they'll speak for themselves," Delgado says.
In announcing the discovery, the prime minister said Franklin's ships "are an important part of Canadian history, given that his expeditions ... laid the foundations of Canada's Arctic sovereignty."
Passage 2：
文章内容
第一段：背景铺垫，没什么细节出题点，就是罗列了一对例子。我们的生活各个方面离不开法律，快速略读。
第二段：介绍了人类社会进步，人们开始懂得文字，越来越影响法律。
第三段：律师职业的重要性，把搞it的技术人才和layer做了个比较，打了个比方，其他职位的人就是像是一场赌局里的玩家，而律师这样的职业却是指定一个赌局规则的人。再次说明法律的重要性。
第四段：事实陈述，在uk每年有好多好多的法律要通过parliament颁布啊，又有很多的法律不断被修改，还在说法律被人们日渐重视。
第五-六段：话锋一转，但是很多人不待见律师这样的身份人们他们不能像护士，IT技工给人们生活提供实质性的服务。且举例了个例子嘲讽layer的卑微身份：一个小孩在介绍自己家长时，说自己的老爸是大明星让他很自豪，但还他老爸有个身份也是个小律师。
第七段：作者总结了下很多看不起律师这样身份的人的观点:layer is related to Misfortune，and they are droved financially ，for  them money is above truth.但话锋一转说其实还有很多律师做的只是起草文件的活和打官司纠纷更本不沾边。律师应当得到像护士/IT技工这种职业应有的尊重
题型分布与答案参考
多选题：
14-16:BCE
段落信息配对4
17: 人们对法律的影响ii
18 :律师得到应用尊重：vii
19 ：法律的普遍运用：i
20 ：英国颁布的法律在不断增加修改：iv
21:律师的职业的重要性的举例：iii
选词填空5
21.人们认为money Is uth.
22,律师应该得到和22.nurse一样的尊重。
23.因为律师也对自己的投入很多dedication
24.有些律师只是在起草文件的活drafts
相关拓展
We all know that law is very important in the society. It is a must in order for a society to be peaceful and problem-free. Law is a man-made therefore it is in you if you will follow it or not. If you do not follow the law, it doesn’t mean you will die, so nature has nothing to do on the laws of man. The law is something that the human has created to modulate the society by introducing justice, Targit BI System, fairness and equality that is set by courts and governments and is applied to everyone within their jurisdiction. The law can give protection to the victims and will punish those who have done unlawful actions. You don’t have any option where you can choose from, if you disobey, then, you have to face the consequences. If a society won’t have a system of law on it that will control how the people operates their lives, then there would not be a society to live in. people will be able to make decisions that will solely be based on their principles, then they would be able to do crimes if they want to, steal, murder, damage, bully, rape, trespass, and even terrorize what and whom when they wanted want to, and nothing would be done about it at all.
Therefore, it will be a disaster if not possible if people in a society will do actions that is solely base on their principles. If there won’t be law, nothing will stop the people on doing things that they want, with that, they will be free to do revenge and it will be vice-versa for they know that they could totally get away unto anything they do, even if it is bad and unlawful. Eventually, the society will be full of crimes, murders and illegal actions. If there won’t be no rules in a society, then even a simple waste disposal will be a big problem that could affect the whole world. If not done properly, it may lead to diseases that can kill  the human race. The supply of water could also be affected if there were no rules. No one will work to maintain the cleanliness of it for they may turn unto doing things that may give money more easy even though it is not right at all. No one will cure us when we were ill and help us in times of trouble. In the end, each of the people will find their own ways to live and survive, it’ll be like a war zone.
This merely show how important it is to have a system of law in a society to regulate a good relationship with each other, even for those with conflicting interest. This is the only procedure that could ensure that the human rights are respected. If we won’t have laws, our society would not be able to function effectively. Crimes will become an everyday occurrences that children will grow up and will then find it normal, which is not desirable to happen in our future generations, that is why law is very important, it ensures the safety of our future generations.
Passage 3：
文章内容
第一段：背景介绍了2个极端的人，49岁的AJ女士记忆力超级好啊，而89岁高龄的老头EP却只记得最近发生的事情
第二三段：AJ女士的超级好的记忆力和其他人的不太一样，她不是记忆数据或facts，记忆的东西都很生活化，举例比如杂货店到日常天气等等儿童时期的事情也都记得特别的清楚，科学家为此记忆类型还用了个术语定义了下。
第四段:EP 老头记忆力变差的原因是源于病毒感染导致的
第五六七段：分析了下科学家对此记忆的研究人们大脑就是一个大的信息存储器有个部件控制着，某专家的一个研究得出结论人们记忆力减退不是这个记忆力的不见了而是我们的 接受信号的器官不行了。然后他模拟了原理拿个人做了实验还真证实这一点。
第4段：作者无病呻吟了一番人们也没必要羡慕这样的记忆力，我们每天收到的信息我们需要的毕竟只是重的部分。知识可以书本写下来啊，信息也通过互联网获取啊。
第九段：几个反问句问读者，让人们反思记忆力到底好还是不好。
题型分布与答案参考
选词填空：5
27.D:numbers 原文figure facts 定位
28.H：precedent ，Aj女士的记忆力是前所未有的without precedent，原文中说她是迄今为止记忆力最好。
29.C:emotion：AJ女士的记忆力都是和情感有关，定位第二段第一句话。
20.B.inflection 感染，注意这里问是EP老头记忆不好的原因是virus导致的感染，有个迷惑选项不要选injury，直接原因还是感染
31.E：time.EP老头记忆力不行，只能记住当下的事情，the time
判断题4
32：aj女士ep老头是记忆力的极端T,EXTREM定位 T
33: aj女士记忆的东西和数字有关F
33:人的记忆下降不是因为记忆脑部件坏了而是接受器失灵 T
34-36：FTT
选择题：
37：the main topic of the eight graph is that：B 人们只要记忆重要信息。
38：the reason why human beings memory fail to work .B
39-40:BC
相关拓展
Human memory is quirky, complicated, and unreliable. Even when we think we're remembering everything accurately, chances are things have gotten twisted along the way. Let’s take a look at why your memory sucks, and how you can change that.
Science is still figuring out all kinds of new things about our brains and memory. What we do know is that a lot of people struggle with remembering things, and in many different ways. Perhaps you're always forgetting a few items at the grocery store, or to pick up the dry cleaning on your way home. Worse, maybe you can't remember events from your childhood that well, or you remember an event from college differently than a friend. So, let's take a look at what's really going on in your brain, and then see if we can actually do anything to improve your memory.
The fact is, human memory is complicated. As an example, consider how you remember visual images. It seems straightforward, you see something, and you remember it. But as Scientific American points out, it's more complex than that:
Memories of visual images (e.g., dinner plates) are stored in what is called visual memory. Our minds use visual memory to perform even the simplest of computations; from remembering the face of someone we’ve just met, to remembering what time it was last
Memories like what you had for dinner are stored in visual short-term memory—particularly, in a kind of short-term memory often called “visual working memory.” Visual working memory is where visual images are temporarily stored while your mind works away at other tasks—like a whiteboard on which things are briefly written and then wiped away.
So, what causes those memories to stick around and not be wiped away from that whiteboard? According to a one study from MIT, it might simply be how meaningful an image is and if we can connect it to other knowledge. If you can connect that image to something else, it increases the chances you'll remember it later. Like learning, memory is all about context. This is why, as The Atlantic points out, pattern recognition is key. Essentially, the more connections a new memory has to knowledge you have, the more likely it is you'll remember that information. The same basic process seems to happen with most memories.
Underneath the hood, all types of things are happening in your brain. How Stuff Works does a good job of breaking it down:
Experts believe that the hippocampus, along with another part of the brain called the frontal cortex, is responsible for analyzing these various sensory inputs and deciding if they're worth remembering. If they are, they may become part of your these various bits of information are then stored in different parts of the brain. How these bits and pieces are later identified and retrieved to form a cohesive memory, however, is not
To properly encode a memory, you must first be paying attention. Since you cannot pay attention to everything all the time, most of what you encounter every day is simply filtered out, and only a few stimuli pass into your What we do know is that how you pay attention to information may be the most important factor in how much of it you actually remember.
The fact of the matter is, we're still learning a lot about human memory. Why we remember certain details over others is still a mystery.