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(备考辅导)考研英语阅读理解精读100篇unit41
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Unit 41
Hauling yourself up by the bootstraps has never been easy. But computers do this every time they are turned on-hence the verb "to boot". Booting a computer takes valuable time, compounded by the rebooting that is inevitably necessary whenever a computer freezes.
The reason that this process takes so long is that a computer's operating system must be loaded from its hard disk into its random-access memory （RAM） every time the machine
is turned on. Unlike magnetic tapes or hard disks, RAM is an electric form of memory. It is, in effect, an array of tiny capacitors which, when charged, represent a binary "1" and, when not charged, represent a binary "o". This has allowed them to be much faster than magnetic memory, in which the binary digits
（"bits"） are represented by magnetically polarised regions rather than electric charges. The big problem with electric memory, however, is that it is
volatile-the capacitors have to be recharged frequently so
that they can continue to remember a"1". When a computer is turned off, they lose all the data stored in them.
polarisedThe race has been on to build nonvolatile high-speed memories that will allow computers to be turned on and off