桥式龙门铣床滑枕有限元分析及优化设计
邱自学1,高志来1,任东2,崔德友2
(1.南通大学机械工程学院,江苏南通226019;2.南通国盛智能科技集团股份有限公司,江苏南通226003)来稿日期:2020-01-09
基金项目:江苏省科技成果转化专项资金项目
(BA2015126)作者简介:高志来,(1993-),男,江苏丰县人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:机电装备及测控技术;
邱自学,(1963-),男,江苏南通人,博士研究生,博士生导师,教授,主要研究方向:机电装备及测控技术,智能结构及其健康监测技术1引言滑枕是桥式龙门铣床的重要运动部件之一,其静动态性能的优劣直接影响机床整机的工作性能,从而影响到工件的加工精度和加工质量[1]。在机床工作过程中,滑枕在滑座框架内上下移动,当移动到最低点时,形成竖直方向上的悬臂结构,在自重及铣削力的作用下易发生变形;且铣削过程中的激振频率若恰好与滑
枕的低阶固有频率同步,则滑枕可能会发生共振,影响机床加工
的稳定性。因此,提高滑枕的静动态性能非常重要。
static structural
目前,随着有限元分析技术的不断发展完善,机床部件的设
计已逐步从传统的经验设计转向计算机虚拟建模及仿真分析相
结合的结构优化设计[2-4]。以桥式龙门铣床的滑枕为研究对象,采
用CAD/CAE 计算机建模及仿真技术对滑枕结构进行参数化设
计,建立滑枕有限元分析模型。在有限元仿真分析结果的基础上摘要:以桥式龙门铣床滑枕为研究对象,针对其结构特点,
建立了滑枕有限元分析模型,利用ANSYS Workbench 对其进行静动态特性仿真分析。根据有限元分析结果,
出原滑枕结构的薄弱环节,设计了5种滑枕结构改进方案,并运用静动态性能模糊综合评价方法实现滑枕改进方案的多目标优选。对优选方案的关键尺寸进行优化,
得到最终的滑枕优化结构,并对其进行验证分析。结果表明:对滑枕的结构改进和关键尺寸优化有效提高了滑枕的静动态特性,
优化后的滑枕最大变形减小了63.7%,最大应力减小了81.3%,一阶固有频率增加了34.6%,同时,滑枕质量减小了5.3%,实现了滑枕的轻量化设计,为数控机床其它关键零部件的设计提供了有益参考。
关键词:桥式龙门铣床;滑枕;有限元分析;结构改进;尺寸优化
中图分类号:TH16;TH122;TG502文献标识码:A 文章编号:1001-3997(2020)09-0162-05
Finite Element Analysis and Optimization Design for
Ram of Bridge Gantry Milling Machine
QIU Zi-xue 1,GAO Zhi-lai 1,REN Dong 2,CUI De-you 2
(1.School of Mechanical Engineering,Nantong University,Jiangsu Nantong 226019,China ;
2.Nantong Guosheng Intelligent Technology Group Co.,Ltd,Jiangsu Nantong 226003,China )
粤遭泽贼则葬糟贼:Taking the ram of bridge gantry milling machine as the research object,the finite element analysis model of ram was established according to its structural characteristics,and static and dynamic characteristics of the model were simulated by ANSYS Workbench.Then based on the r
esults of finite element analysis,the weak link of the original ram structure was identified,and five kinds of ram structure improvement schemes were designed,and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method of static and dynamic performance was used to achieve the multi-objective optimum selection of ram improvement scheme.The key sizes of optimum selection scheme were optimized to obtain the final ram optimization structure,and the optimization structure of ram was verified and analyzed.The results shows that structural improvement and key sizes optimization for the ram could effectively improve the static and dynamic characteristics of ram.After optimization,the maximum deformation of ram is reduced by 63.7%,the maximum stress is reduced by 81.3%,and the first natural frequency is increased by 34.6%.At the same time,the mass of ram is reduced by 5.3%,achieving lightweight design of the ram.The study provides a useful reference for the other key components design of CNC machine tools.
Key Words :Bridge Gantry Milling Machine ;Ram ;Finite Element Analysis ;Structural Improvement ;Size Optimiza-tion Machinery Design &Manufacture 机械设计与制造第9期2020年9月
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