大学英语四级综合-简答(三)
(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、

(总题数：4，分数：40.00)
As researchers learn more about how children's intelligence develops, they are increasingly surprised by the power of parents. The power of the school has been replaced by the home. To begin with, all the factors which are part of intelligence- the child's understanding of language, learning patterns, curiosity-are established well before the child enters school at the age of six. Study after study has shown that even after school begins, children's achievements have been far more influenced by parents than by teachers. This is particularly true about learning that is language-related. The school rather than the home is given credit for variations in achievement in subjects such as science.
In view of their power, it's sad to see so many parents not making the most of their child's in
telligence. Until recently parents had been wamed by educators who asked them not to educate their children. Many teachers now realize that children cannot be educated only at school and parents are being asked to contribute both before and after the child enters school.
Parents have been particularly aft'aid to teach reading at home. Of course, children shouldn't be pushed to read by their parents, but educators have discovered that reading is best taught individually-and the easiest place to do this is at home. Many four-and five-year-olds who have been shown a few letters and taught their sounds will compose single words of their own with them even before they have been taught to read.

（分数：10.00）
(1).What have researchers found out about.the influence of parents and the school on children's intelligence?（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：The parents have much more power than school）
解析：[解析] 推断题。根据文章第一段，研究者发现，儿童的智力在上学之前就已经形成了，即使是上学后，父母对其成绩的影响也远远大于教师。因此可以得出结论：父母对儿童智力的影响力大大超过学校。
(2).Researchers conclude that children's learning patterns______.（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：are established well before the child enters school）
解析：[解析] 细节题。第一段提到all the factors which are part of intelligence…are established well before the child enters school at the age of six，中间的插入语learning patterns属于智力的构成部分，它和其他部分一样，早在儿童六岁入学前就已经形成了。
(3).According to the passage, school may play a more important role in______.（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：subject such as science）
解析：[解析] 细节题。根据第一段最后一句话可知，学校在诸如科学这样的领域比家庭更有影响力。
(4).Many parents failed to make the most of their children's intelligence because______.（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：they had been warned not to educate their children）
解析：[解析] 细节题。根据第二段前两句话可知，直到最近教育者还警告家长不要教育孩子。
(5).In the last paragraph, the author suggests that the parents should______.（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：teach children to read）
解析：[解析] 推断题。根据最后一段reading is best taught individually-and the easiest pla
ce to do this is at home可知，阅读最好在家里进行。由此可以推断作者建议家长在家里教孩子阅读。
England's highest main-line railway station hangs on to life by a threat; deserted and unmanned since it was officially closed in 1970, Dent, situated high in the hills of Yorkshire, wakes up on six summer weekends each year, when a special charter train unloads walkers, sightseers and people who simply want to catch a train from the station, onto its platform.
But even this limited existence may soon be brought to an end. Dent station is situated on the Settle to Carlisle railway line said to be scenic in the country. But no amount of scenic beauty can line from British Rail's cash problems. This year, for the sake of economy, the express trains which used to pass through Dent station have been put on to another route.
It is now an open secret that British Rail sees no future for this railway line. Most of its trains disappeared some time ago. Its bridge, built on a grand scale a century ago, is falling down. It is not alone. Zen railway routes in the north of England are facing a similar
problem which is a wom out system and an almost total lack of repair. Bridges and tunnels are showing their age, the wooden for the tracks are rotting and engines and coaches are getting old.
On major lines between large cities, the problem is not too bad. These lines still make a profit and cash can be found to maintain them. But on the country branch line, the story is different. As track wears out, it is not replaced. Instead speed limits are introduced making trip longer than necessary and discouraging customers.
If a bridge is dangerous, there is often only one thing for British Rail to do: go out and fred money from another source. This is exactly what it did a few months ago when a bridge at Bridlington station was threatening to fall down. Repairs were estimated at $200,000 just for one bridge-and British Rail was delighted, and rather surprised, when two local councils offered half that amount between them.

（分数：10.00）
(1).Since 1970 Dent station is only used______.（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：on six summer weekends each year）
解析：[解析] 细节题。根据第一段可知，1970年Dent站正式关闭以后，除了每年夏季有六个周末会开放，其他时间都是荒废的。
(2).According to the passage, ______railway line passes through Dent.（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：Settle to Carlisle）
解析：[解析] 细节题。根据第二段Dent station is situated on the Settle to Carlisle railway line可知，Dent站位于Settle到Carlisle的铁路线上。
(3).Which line has the similar problem with the line through Dent?（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：Zen railway routes in the north of England）
解析：[解析] 细节题。根据第三段Zen railway routes in the north of England are facing a similar problem可知，Zen铁路线也有类似问题。
(4).According to the passage, the most urgent problem for many country railway lines is______.（分数：2.00）leftist
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：a lack of repair money）