所谓完全倒装，就是将谓语动词置于主语前。完全倒装一般具有以下两个条件：①谓语动词是单个(即不带情态动词、助动词或be)的不及物动词，且只限于一般现在时或一般过去时；②主语只能是名词。
一、以here等副词开头引出的完全倒装
在描述情景时，为了使景象更生动，有时把here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, off, away等方向性副词作为句子开头，句子用完全倒装。此时，①句子主语必须是名词；②谓语动词通常是be, come, go, run, rush, fly, follow, fall等表示位移的不及物动词，且为一般时态；③其中的here, there不是表示地点，而是用以引起对方注重。如：
Here comes the bus. 汽车来了。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
Here are some advertisements about cars. 这儿是几则有关汽车的广告。
二、以表语或状语开头引出的完全倒装
有时为了强调或者为了使句子平衡或者为了使上下文连接得更加紧密，就将表语和地点状语(多为介词短语)置于句首，谓语动词也常置于主语前，构成完全倒装。如：
Among the people was a man named Brown. 在这些人中有一个叫布朗的人。
On the top of the hill stands an old temple. 这山顶上有一座庙。
三、there be 结构及其变体的完全倒装
There is a tall tree in front of the house. 这房子前面有一棵树。
注：在there be结构中，可以代替be的还有以下动词：live, lie, stand, appear, rise, remain, happen, come, go等。如：
Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一个老人。
四、直接引语放在句首引起的完全倒装
若直接引语的部分或全部放在句首，并且说话人是名词时，将say或ask置于说话人前，构成完全倒装。如：
“Are you ready?” asked the teacher. “预备好了没有？”老师问道。
“It is unbelievable!”said Alfred Butts. 阿尔弗雷德·布滋说，“这真叫人难以置信！”
直接引语放句首时，有时用倒装；谓语动词另有宾语时，不倒装。例如：
“I shall not scold you.” said the man, “you are punished enough now.”
“You have done a good job”, our teacher said to us.
英语中的语序通常是主语在前，谓语动词在后。所谓倒装就是把动词放在主语之前。这种情况出现在疑问句中，也出现在其他一些特殊情形下。
28.1 两种倒装 (Two types of inversion) 倒装一般分为两种，即主谓倒装和主语/功能词倒装。
28.1.1 主谓倒装 (Subject-verb inversion)
主谓倒装，又称为全部倒装（Full inversion），即把整个谓语动词放在主语之前。这一类倒装主要
出现于地点状语后面，said John, answered Peter等有直接引语的结构中以及表语提前的情况下。 例如：
--At the far end of the room stood a tall policeman. --“I love you,” whispered John. --Completely different is the last story.
28.1.2 主语/ 功能词倒装 (Subject-operation inversion)
这种倒装又称为部分倒装，即把功能词(助动词或情态动词)放在主语之前，动词的其余部分依然在
主语之后。如果句中没有助动词或情态动词，则要加一个助动词do, does或did。例如： --He had no money, nor did he know anyone he could borrow from. --On no account must this switch be touched. --Only by chance did I hear that her mother had died. --Were she alive today, she would
grieve at the changes.
hermit28.2 在以neither, nor, so等开始的句子中 (Sentences beginning with neither, nor, so, etc.)
用neither, nor和so引导的句子表达某人、某事或某种情况与刚才提到的相同，在这种情况下必须
要用倒装。neither, nor表示“也不…”；so表示“也如此”。这种倒装是部分倒装。 --“I didn’t get much sleep last night.” “Neither/Nor did I.”
--“My husband never touches a drying-up cloth.” “Neither does mine.” --He refused to apologize. Neither/Nor would he offer any explanation.
--All the students were obviously very miserable. Nor were the teachers satisfied with the conditions at the school.
--John saw the accident and so did Mary. --She was angry and so was I.
请比较下面两句中so和neither/nor 表达截然不同的意思。 --The corn is ripening, and so are the apples.
--The corn isn’t ripening, and neither/ nor are the apples. 请注意：
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a. so放在句首也可以用来表达另外一种意思，即对于别人讲的情况加以肯定，表示附和。在这种情况
下，不用倒装。请比较：
--“You’ve spilled coffee on your dress.” “ Oh, dear. So I have.” (哎哟，真的呀。)
--You’ve spilled coffee on the table, and so have I. (=…, and I’ve spilled coffee on the table, too.)
--“That’s Isabel, look!” “So it is!” (就是她)
--“I’m having a tooth out tomorrow.” “So am I.” (=…, I am having a tooth out tomorrow, too.) --You asked me to leave, and so I did. (你叫我走，我就走了。)
--You asked him to leave, and so did I. （你叫他走，我也叫他走啊 。） b. neither虽然放句首，但是其中心词作句子主语时，不用倒装。例 如： --Neither of them wanted to stay.
c. Neither…nor…句型中的nor分句也应该用倒装。如： --Sam neither has long hair, nor does he wear jeans. --Mary was neither happy, nor was she sad.
--They have neither replied to my letters, nor have they answered my telephone calls.
28.3 在以否定副词（如hardly, never等）开始的句子中 (Sentences beginning with negativ
e adverb expressions: hardly, never, etc.) |
在正式文体中，许多表达否定意义的副词或状语词组可以放在句首。在这种情况下，必须用部分倒装。表达否定意义的副词和词组常见的有seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, never, few, little, in
vain, much/ even/ still less, 以及含有no/ not的词组/句型如no sooner…(than), on no account, in
no circumstances, in no way, by no means, at no time, no longer, not until, nowhere等等。例 如：
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